Three-Year Comparison of the Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Capacities in Organically and Conventionally Produced Apples (Malus domestica Bork. Cultivar `Golden Delicious')

Stracke, B; Rüfer, C.E.; Weibel, Franco; Bub, Achim; Watzl, Bernhard

doi:10.1021/jf803961f

Cited by 98 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As concerns apple fruits [57][58][59], the differences between organic and conventional management, if present, do not concern all varieties and all sampling years under study; these are of minor importance with respect to differences in sampling year and in variety.…”

Section: Effect Of Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant polyphenol content, soil fertilization and agricultural management: a review

Heimler

Romani

Ieri

2017

Eur Food Res Technol

134

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relevance of scientific studies on this subject. Taking into account the reviews published since 2008, a general overlook on the research topics can emphasize the main current fields in which the research is presently developed. The different subjects which may be inferred are: problems in the analytical assays of polyphenols [1][2][3][4][5], polyphenols composition of fruits and vegetables [6][7][8][9][10], the fate of polyphenols in postharvest technology [11, 12], chemistry and biochemistry [13][14][15][16], polyphenols and food [17][18][19][20][21], polyphenols and health [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. From this short survey which takes into account only partly the last years, the great number and variety of researches on these plants metabolites can be pointed out. There is a lack of reviews on the relations between polyphenols content, fertilization and agriculture practice, with the exception of a recent review on the possibility of differentiating organic practice by means of secondary plant metabolites in carrots [29], and the review of Stefanelli et al. [18] focused on horticulture quality under minimal nitrogen and water supply.The aim of this review is concerned with the relationships between polyphenols content, fertilization and agricultural practice correlated to soil management. Effect of nitrogen and/or potassium fertilizationAs summed up by Nguyen and Niemeyer [30], the carbon/nitrogen balance (CNB) pathways can be taken into account when studying the effect of nitrogen fertilization on phenolic content. Phenylalanine is the rate-limiting precursor for phenylpropanoid synthesis (e.g., lignin, flavonoids and condensed tannins), and at the same time, it is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis. Plant growth is heavily dependent on protein synthesis for the manufacture of photosynthetic, biosynthetic and regulatory enzymes, as well as for structural protein, and phenolic synthesis Abstract The review deals with polyphenol content of vegetables and fruits under different experimental conditions. The effect of fertilizers, mainly nitrogen containing fertilizers, on qualitative and especially quantitative content of the polyphenols mixture, was reviewed. Soil nitrogen affects both anthocyanins and flavonoids content, and generally, a higher polyphenolic content is observed when less nitrogen fertilizer is added to the soil. Also the effect of different agricultural management (conventional, organic, biodynamic, integrate) is reviewed with respect to polyphenols. In this case, a major effect has pointed out in the case of vegetables, while agricultural practice affects in a minimal way fruits polyphenols content. The effect of different management is, however, hardly pointed out, since many environmental factors are involved and affect polyphenols biosynthetic pathway.

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Section: Effect Of Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant polyphenol content, soil fertilization and agricultural management: a review

Heimler

Romani

Ieri

2017

Eur Food Res Technol

134

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“…They have been reported as naturally occurring antioxidants, contributing against oxidative damage caused by free radicals which influence many chronic human diseases [8]. Their content and profile in fruit is influenced by several factors, including climate [9], the effects of light [10], cultivars [11], temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, application of elicitors, stimulating agents, plant activators [12] and exposure to various kinds of stress [13]. Veberic et al established that organically grown apples exhibited a higher content of phenolic compounds in apple pulp compared with apples from integrated production [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of selected primary metabolites and phenolic profile of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four production systems

Jakopič¹,

Slatnar²,

Štampar³

et al. 2012

Fruits

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-Introduction. Apple fruit contains many compounds with positive effects on human health but even small pesticide residues from integrated production cause many food safety issues for consumers. Materials and methods. The apple fruits from different types of production: organic, integrated and two combined systems were analyzed. Their contents of sugars and organic acids were quantified with the use of HPLC with RI and UV detectors, and phenolic contents from apple skin and pulp were detected with HPLC-MS. Apple quality was also determined in terms of weight, firmness and color. Results. Organically produced fruits had 14% lower weight than integrated fruits, as well as 15% higher firmness and less green skin color than apples from the other three treatments. Among primary metabolites, the sum of sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol) as well as organic acids (malic and citric) was highest in the integrated production treatment. Among secondary metabolites, eighteen individual phenolic compounds were determined separately in apple peel and pulp. They were classified into four groups: hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones and flavonols. The majority of the identified compounds were dependent on the applied management system. Their concentrations were mainly highest in the organic treatment due to higher stress levels. The multivariate analysis of all monitored parameters placed organic production into one group and presented a similarity among the other three management systems.Slovenia / Malus domestica / fruits / integrated plant production / organic agriculture / proximate composition / quality / Hplc Analyse de certains métabolites primaires et du profil phénolique de pommes 'Golden Delicious' issues de quatre systèmes de production.Résumé -Introduction. La pomme contient de nombreux composés ayant des effets positifs sur la santé humaine, mais les résidus, même faibles, de pesticides issus de productions inté-grées provoquent de nombreux problèmes de sécurité alimentaire pour le consommateur. Matériel et méthodes. Les pommes issues de différents types de production (biologique, intégré et deux systèmes combinés de production) ont été analysées . Leur teneur en sucres et en acides organiques ont été quantifiées par utilisation de l'HPLC avec des détecteurs RI et UV ; les contenus phénoliques de la peau et de la chair des pommes ont été détectés par une HPLC-MS. La qualité des pommes a été également déterminée en termes de poids, fermeté et couleur du fruit. Résultats. Les fruits produits de façon biologique ont présenté un poids infé-rieur de 14 % par rapport aux fruits produits par un système intégré; leur fermeté a été amélio-rée de 15 % et leur couleur de peau a été moins verte que celle des pommes en provenance des trois autres traitements. Parmi les métabolites primaires, la somme des teneurs en sucres (fructose, glucose, saccharose et sorbitol) ainsi que celle des teneurs en acides organiques (acide malique et citrique) ont été les plus élevées pour les pommes issues d...

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“…An inadequate apple tree supply with the nitrogen in OPS was confirmed by weaker tree growth, lower yield, fruit weight and better fruit colour. According to Stracke et al (2009), organic fertilizers used in organic farming contain less-available forms of N; therefore, depending on the orchard, soil properties and fertilization practices, organically grown fruit trees might suffer from N deficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower nitrogen nutrition determines higher phenolic content of organic apples Juozas Lanauskas1, Darius Kviklys1, Mindaugas Liaudanskas2, Valdimaras

Lanauskas¹,

Kviklys²,

Liaudanskas³

et al. 2017

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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Lanauskas J., Kviklys D., Liaudanskas M., Janulis V., Uselis N., Viškelis J., Viškelis P. (2017) th leaf were tested. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied annually at the rates of 50 kg/ha N and 66.4 kg/ha K in an integrated fruit orchard. A mixture of perennial grasses with 25% of white clover was sown in interrows in the second year after tree establishment in the organic production system. Every two years sward in alternate interrows was tilled for natural organic matter mineralization. Fertilizers were not used in the organic apple orchard. Organic apples of both cultivars had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin. Organic ' Aldas' apples also contained more hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrin than non-organic apples. On average, the total phenolic content of organic apples of both cultivars was 43% higher than that of apples from the integrated orchard. These differences could be explained by nitrogen nutrition: the N content in organically grown apple leaves was significantly lower than that in leaves from the integrated production system. Tree trunk diameter and yield of organic apple were less, and fruits were better coloured.

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Three-Year Comparison of the Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Capacities in Organically and Conventionally Produced Apples (Malus domestica Bork. Cultivar `Golden Delicious')

Cited by 98 publications

References 32 publications

Plant polyphenol content, soil fertilization and agricultural management: a review

Plant polyphenol content, soil fertilization and agricultural management: a review

Analysis of selected primary metabolites and phenolic profile of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four production systems

Lower nitrogen nutrition determines higher phenolic content of organic apples Juozas Lanauskas1, Darius Kviklys1, Mindaugas Liaudanskas2, Valdimaras

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