Three ways to advocate for the economic value of the pharmacist in health care

Murphy, E. Michael; Rodis, Jennifer L.; Mann, Henry J.

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2020.08.006

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Full pharmacoeconomic evaluations also inform reimbursement or coverage decisions, which can ultimately result in price negotiations. 16,17 A recent review suggested that many of the studies aiming at performing an 'economic evaluation of pharmacy…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, it is possible that some outcomes measures (e.g., utilities) might not fully capture the value of complex interventions or be sensitive to the benefit generated by the pharmacy service intervention. 4,17,19 In this context, it is important for the pharmacy practice field to produce economic evaluations of innovative pharmacy services utilizing the appropriate methodological input. 4,17,19 A full economic evaluation is not a single research method; it is a framework for structuring specific decision problems.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,17,19 In this context, it is important for the pharmacy practice field to produce economic evaluations of innovative pharmacy services utilizing the appropriate methodological input. 4,17,19 A full economic evaluation is not a single research method; it is a framework for structuring specific decision problems. 15 Thus, researchers should be noticeably clear about the intervention's aim, targets, context, process, patient group and comparator, costs, outcomes, and decision model used.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led interventions

Tonin

Aznar-Lou

Pontinha

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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In the past years, several factors such as evidence-based healthcare culture, quality-linked incentives, and patient-centered actions, associated with an important increase of financial constraints and pressures on healthcare budgets, resulted in a growing interest by policy-makers in enlarging pharmacists’ roles in care. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive therapeutic outcomes associated with pharmaceutical services in a wide array of diseases. Yet, the evidence of the economic impact of the pharmacist in decreasing total health expenditures, unnecessary care, and societal costs relies on well-performed, reliable, and transparent economic evaluations, which are scarce. Pharmacoeconomics is a branch of health economics that usually focuses on balancing the costs and benefits of an intervention towards the use of limited resources, aiming at maximizing value to patients, healthcare payers and society through data driven decision making. These decisions can be guide by a health technology assessment (HTA) process that inform governmental players about medical, social, and economic implications of development, diffusion, and use of health technologies – including clinical pharmacy interventions. This paper aims to provide an overview of the important concepts in costing in healthcare, including studies classification according to the type of analysis method (e.g. budget-impact analysis, cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis), types of costs (e.g. direct, indirect and intangible costs) and outcomes (e.g. events prevented, quality adjusted life year - QALY, disability adjusted life year - DALY). Other key components of an economic evaluation such as the models’ perspective, time horizon, modelling approaches (e.g. decision trees or simulation models as the Markov model) and sensitivity analysis are also briefly covered. Finally, we discuss the methodological issues for the identification, measurement and valuation of costs and benefits of pharmacy services, and suggest some recommendations for future studies, including the use of Value of Assessment Frameworks.

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Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led interventions

Tonin

Aznar-Lou

Pontinha

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…Similarly, reimbursement for such services is not consistently applied across public and private payors, hindering pharmacists’ ability to expand the scope of services provided [ 38 ]. Pharmacists’ involvement in healthcare teams has been shown to decrease total health expenditures, decrease unnecessary care, and decrease societal costs [ 39 ]. By enabling provider status for pharmacists, healthcare systems can actualize these benefits.…”

Section: Development Of Public Health Pharmacy: Towards Provider Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At times, public health emergencies have resulted in states expanding the scope of practice for pharmacists, either through emergency legislation or state governors’ executive orders [ 38 , 39 ]. Pharmacists’ roles to provide patient care during COVID-19 were recognized by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) guidance issued in May 2020 of the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act [ 40 ].…”

Section: Actions During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Public Health Pharmacy Practice—Moving from Collaborative Practice Agreements to Provider Status in the U.S.

Cernasev

Aruru²,

Clark

et al. 2021

Pharmacy

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This article describes the history and evolution of pharmacist-physician collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) in the United States with future directions to support pharmacists’ provider status as the profession continues to evolve from product-oriented to patient-centered care and population health. The pharmacy profession has a long history of dispensing and compounding, with the addition of clinical roles in the late 20th century. These clinical roles have continued to expand into diverse arenas such as communicable and non-communicable diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, emergency preparedness and response, public health education and health promotion, and critical and emergency care. Pharmacists continue to serve as integral members of interprofessional and interdisciplinary healthcare teams. In this context, CPAs allow pharmacists to expand their roles in patient care and may be considered as a step towards securing provider status. Moving beyond CPAs to a provider status would enable pharmacists to be reimbursed for cognitive services and promote integrated public health delivery models.

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