Three-valued logic gates in reaction–diffusion excitable media

Motoike, Ikuko N.; Adamatzky, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2004.07.021

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Some preliminary results on implementing a wide range of logics in geometrically constrained BZ systems have been already obtained. 24 We are also planning to explore the use of EAs to design collision-based architectureless computers, where instead of the dynamically changing checkerboard image only one light level-the subexcitable light level-will be used. The use of larger gels, populations to evolve cell rules, and alternative evolutionary approaches to chemical computing are also being considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] We have developed a hybrid ͑au-tomaton network plus BZ reaction͒ system, where the "hardwired" architecture ͑the topology of excitation channels or wires͒ is dynamically changing over time to achieve the desired task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental prototypes of reaction-diffusion processors have been used to solve a wide range of specialized computational problems, including image processing, 11,12 path planning, 13,14 robot navigation, 15 computational geometry, 16 "chemical diode," 17 counting, 18 and implementing memory. 19,20 In addition to these applications, logic gates were constructed in excitable chemical systems 9,[21][22][23][24] and in bistable systems. 25 Various logic gates as well as simple computational devices based on pattern recognition were studied in coupled continuously fed stirred tank reactors ͑CSTRs͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm

Tóth

Stone

Adamatzky

et al. 2008

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We propose that the behavior of nonlinear media can be controlled dynamically through coevolutionary systems. In this study, a light-sensitive subexcitable Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction is controlled using a heterogeneous cellular automaton. A checkerboard image comprising of varying light intensity cells is projected onto the surface of a catalyst-loaded gel resulting in rich spatiotemporal chemical wave behavior. The coevolved cellular automaton is shown to be able to either increase or decrease chemical activity through dynamic control of the light intensity within each cell in both simulated and real chemical systems. The approach is then extended to construct a number of simple logical functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm

Tóth

Stone

Adamatzky

et al. 2008

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…And yet another direction of future research could be in expanding our designs to many-valued logic circuits. In principle, we can implement three-valued gates with wave-fragments in BZ system [58], based on facilitation or inhibition between two subsequent excitation fronts, more work is required though to achieve cascading of these many-valued logic gates. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary full adder, made of fusion gates, in a subexcitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky system

Adamatzky

2015

Phys. Rev. E

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In an excitable thin-layer Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium a localised perturbation leads to formation of omnidirectional target or spiral waves of excitation. A sub-excitable BZ medium responds to asymmetric local perturbation by producing travelling localised excitation wave-fragments, distant relatives of dissipative solitons. The size and life span of an excitation wave-fragment depend on the illumination level of the medium. Under the right conditions the wave-fragments conserve their shape and velocity vectors for extended time periods. We interpret the wave-fragments as values of Boolean variables. When two or more wave-fragments collide they annihilate or merge into a new wave-fragment. States of the logic variables, represented by the wave-fragments, are changed in the result of the collision between the wave-fragments. Thus, a logical gate is implemented. Several theoretical designs and experimental laboratory implementations of Boolean logic gates have been proposed in the past but little has been done cascading the gates into binary arithmetical circuits. We propose a unique design of a binary one-bit full adder based on a fusion gate. A fusion gate is a two-input three-output logical device which calculates conjunction of the input variables and conjunction of one input variable with negation of another input variable. The gate is made of three channels: two channels cross each other at an angle, third channel starts at the junction. The channels contain BZ medium. When two excitation wave-fragments, travelling towards each other along input channels, collide at the junction they merge into a single wave-front travelling along the third channel. If there is just one wave-front in the input channel, the front continues its propagation undisturbed. We make a one-bit full adder by cascading two fusion gates. We show how to cascade the adder blocks into a many-bit full adder. We evaluate feasibility of our designs by simulating evolution of excitation in the gates and adders using numerical integration of Oregonator equations.

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“…Propagating waves can be confined to channels ("wires") and interact at junctions ("gates") so arranged such that the interactions perform logical operations. See, for example, [62,82,98]. Hence the continuous RD system dynamics can be arranged by careful choice of initial conditions to simulate a digital circuit.…”

Section: Reaction-diffusion Computersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonclassical Computation — A Dynamical Systems Perspective

Stepney¹

2012

Handbook of Natural Computing

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Three-valued logic gates in reaction–diffusion excitable media

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm

Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm

Binary full adder, made of fusion gates, in a subexcitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky system

Nonclassical Computation — A Dynamical Systems Perspective

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