Three-Step Experimentation on Embedding Curvature to Rigid Planar Materials Through Cut Patterns

Abstract

RESUMO: Este estudo apresenta resultados e descobertas de uma experimentação de três passos para integrar técnicas de modelagem e design analógico e digital, com especial atenção para o aumento do rendimento do comportamento de curvatura e curvilinearidade dos materiais de superfície planar rígidos. No âmbito do processo de experimentação, o papelão foi utilizado como material, as ações de corte e flexão foram utilizadas como técnicas e o corte a laser e o ambiente de script visual foram envolvidos como ferramentas. São examinados os potenciais de técnicas de materiais subtraíveis, tais como operações de corte, curvatura, incisão. A experimentação abrange a geração de padrão, incorporação de padrões de corte ao material plano 2D e remapeamento de padrões 2D em superfícies 3D, com base nos conhecimentos adquiridos na fase anterior e na exploração de novas superfícies de forma livre em 3D tanto em ambientes físicos como digitais. O modelo de experimentação de três passos apresentado tem potenciais para contribuir com os estudos pedagógicos focados nas abordagens exploratórias e criativas para a formação e fabricação de projetos integrativos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Flexão; Criação; Corte a Laser; Fabricação Digital; Técnicas Materiais; Curvatura Dupla.ABSTRACT: This study presents the outcomes and findings of a three-step experimentation to integrate analog and digital design and modeling techniques, with a particular focus on augmenting the affordance of bending behavior and curvilinearity of rigid planar surface materials. In the scope of the experimentation process, cardboard was used as a material, cutting and bending actions were utilized as techniques and laser cut and visual scripting environment were involved as tools. The potentials of subtractive material techniques such as cut, bend, kerf operations are examined. The experimentation covers hands-on pattern generation, embedment of cut patterns to 2D planar material, re-mapping 2D patterns onto 3D surfaces based on the insights gained in the previous phase and exploration of new 3D freeform surfaces both in physical and digital environments. The three-step experimentation model presented has potentials to contribute to the pedagogical studies focusing on explorative and creative approaches for integrative design formation and fabrication processes.

Bending techniques for flat materials using cut patterns: a review

“…Regarding the cut pattern, on kerfing, LEMs and kirigami studies there is a preference for straight lines with interruptions (forming segments perpendicular to the material bending axis) crossing the thickness of the material [11,49,55,56,62]. With regards to kerfing and LEMs, however, a portion of the material is commonly removed around the cut line as the techniques involve thick materials, thus preventing it from intersecting itself when bent.…”

“…There are several kerfing patterns that pass through the material thickness, depending on the geometric shape of the cuts and the type of curvature allowed by them [49,57,59,60]. In this case it is possible to observe some predominant cut patterns: cuts made up of parallel linear incisions in series, with one or more segments perpendicular to the material curving axis arranged in an interspersed manner [11,49,54,55,56,58,62] and interlaced spiral cuts that allow for bending in more than one direction [2,3,4,8,53,56,59,62].…”

Geometric analysis of the MDF kerf-bending structure accuracy

“…applied to the material to conform it, may affect the resultant surface. 9,13,14,22 In the present study this procedure was evidenced by manual analysis, which was previously performed with some cut samples. Therefore, similar to Holterman A, a sample support and fixation device was developed to allow adequate measurement.…”

“…as well as the cuts distribution on the surface. 8,9,11,13,14 Different materials can experience distinct deformations under identical loads, whereas similar kerfing patterns tend to obtain similar geometries, however, the magnitude and radius of curvature, stiffness and stress concentration will be distinct for each material. 9,13 There are kerfing types and patterns that are more suitable for each situation and desired geometry.…”

“…6 Such materials are common in mass production systems and come in standard sizes and shapes. 5,6,11 Güzelci et al 14 emphasized that the process can introduce heterogeneous properties, namely anisotropy, in homogeneous or isotropic materials to obtain certain curves. The technique enables to convert a flat panel into a developable or undevelopable surface.…”