Three-stage Power Flow & Flexibility Reserve Co-Optimization for Converter Dominated Distribution Network Lookahead Model using Blockchain & S-ADMM — II: Case Study

Abstract

<p>In Part I of this work, we presented a three-stage framework for solving stochastic non-convex optimal power flow problems using a parameterized deterministic look-ahead policy and minimizing the cost of scheduling flexibility reserves using blockchain and smart contracts. Here, in Part II, a case study with two balancing authority (BA) areas is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The BA area is modeled by the collection of generation, transmission, and distribution networks. Next, the reserve sharing strategy between two or more BA areas is presented to collectively maintain and supply the flexibility reserves. The reserve sharing will help reduce the total flexibility reserve scheduling costs in the BA areas. And finally, the advantage of updating the flexibility reserve schedule at each time step using a smart contract, by tabulating the flexibility metrics “variation in generation capacity (VIGC)” and uncertainty quantification of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in variable distributed energy resources (DERs) generation and loads, is also presented.</p>