Three‐<scp>D</scp>imensional Investigations of Inclusions in Ferroalloys

Bi, Yanyan; Karasev, Andrey; Jönsson, Pär G.

doi:10.1002/srin.201300157

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It was found that the composition and size ranges of non‐metallic inclusions observed in the FeTi70R alloy in this study are quite different in comparison to the results for the FeTi70 alloy published in previous studies . This may be explained by the different quality of raw materials and the different technology methods for production of the investigated ferroalloys at the different companies.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 83%

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Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions from FeTi70R Alloys during Alloying of Fe-40Ni-20Cr Steels

Kellner

Karasev

Memarpour

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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In this study, the composition, size, and number of large non-metallic inclusions (>20 mm) are investigated in a commercial refined FeTi70R alloy, which is used for deoxidation and alloying of different industrial high-quality steels. It is found that this ferroalloy contains different complex oxide inclusions, which sizes vary from 20 to 260 mm. These different complex inclusions contain mostly CaO, SiO 2 , and TiO x . When adding FeTi70R alloy in the steel during the final stage of ladle treatment, these large size inclusions can significantly decrease the cleanliness and mechanical properties of steel. Therefore, the evolution and behavior of these inclusions after addition of this ferroalloy into the liquid iron or Fe-40Ni-20Cr steel are investigated in laboratory experiments. In addition, the results from the laboratory scale experiments are compared to results obtained from industrial heats using Alloy 825. A consideration of the evolution mechanism of large inclusions after an addition of a FeTi70R alloy helps to understand their behavior in the melt. It also helps to estimate their possible harmful effects on the quality of this steel grade during commercial production.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Non‐metallic inclusions in different ferroalloys such as FeTi, FeNb, FeSi, and FeMn have been investigated in previous studies . It was reported that FeTi70 alloys contain different types of non‐metallic inclusions, which are listed in Table .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions from FeTi70R Alloys during Alloying of Fe-40Ni-20Cr Steels

Kellner

Karasev

Memarpour

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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“…1,14,15 Overall, the inclusions can be divided into two broad categories depending on whether the melting point of the inclusions lies below or above the freezing point of the liquid steel, as shown in Table 7. Here, the mechanism of the dissolution of class I and II inclusions are totally different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of inclusions in ferrochromium alloys

Bi¹,

Karasev²,

Jönsson³

2014

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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Ferrochromium alloys are commonly added during different stages of steelmaking processes according to the specific steel grade being produced. Depending upon the ferrochromium quality, the addition can also lead to a supply of deleterious inclusions to the liquid steel. Therefore, the number, size, morphology and composition of inclusions in LCFeCr and HCFeCr alloys were investigated. The alloy samples were first treated with electrolytic extraction, followed by filtration to gather the inclusions on a film filter. Thereafter, the characteristics of the inclusions and clusters were investigated in three dimensions by SEM in combination with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the main inclusion types found in LCFeCr alloys are different to those found in HCFeCr alloys. More specifically, the inclusions in LCFeCr alloys were found to consist of Si-Cr-O and Cr-O oxides as well as intermetallic Cr-Fe inclusions. Moreover, the inclusions in HCFeCr alloys were found to consist of Cr-Mn-S, Cr-C-N, Si-Al-Ca-Mg-O and Ca-O-P inclusions. Overall, the inclusions can be divided into two categories depending on the melting point. Furthermore, the possible transformation of different inclusions after their addition to the liquid steel is discussed.

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“…Bi et al 41) investigated the inclusions from samples of an experiment with nozzle clogging. The typical SEM pictures of the inclusions and clusters from a film filter after electrolytic extraction of the samples are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent Flow Phenomena and Ce2O3 Behavior during a Steel Teeming Process

Jonsson

Ersson

et al. 2013

ISIJ Int.

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Steel flow phenomena and Ce2O3 inclusion behavior are presented in this paper. A three-dimensional model was developed to describe the steel flow phenomena and the inclusion behavior during a teeming process. The Kim-Chen modified k-ε turbulent model was used to simulate the turbulence properties and the Height-of-Liquid model was used to capture the interface between gas and steel. A Lagrangian method was then used to track the inclusions and to compare the behaviors of different-size inclusions in the steel flow. In addition, a statistical analysis was carried out by the use of a stochastic turbulence model to investigate the behaviors of different-size inclusions at different nozzle regions. The results show that the steel flow was the most turbulent at the connection region of the straight pipe part and the expanding part of the nozzle. All inclusions with a diameter smaller than 20 μ m were found to have a similar trajectory and velocity distribution in the nozzle. However, inertia force and buoyancy force were found to play an important role for the behaviors of large-size inclusions/clusters. The statistical analysis results indicate that the regions close to the connection region between different angled nozzle parts seem to be very sensitive with respect to deposition of inclusions.

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Three‐Dimensional Investigations of Inclusions in Ferroalloys

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions from FeTi70R Alloys during Alloying of Fe-40Ni-20Cr Steels

Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions from FeTi70R Alloys during Alloying of Fe-40Ni-20Cr Steels

Investigations of inclusions in ferrochromium alloys

Turbulent Flow Phenomena and Ce2O3 Behavior during a Steel Teeming Process

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