Three psychophilous Asteraceae species with distinct reproductive mechanisms in southeastern Brazil

Valentin-Silva, Adriano; Godinho, M. A. S.; Cruz, KC; Lelis, S. M.; Vieira, MF

doi:10.1080/0028825x.2016.1236735

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Distephanus biafrae , Melanthera scandens , and Crassocephalum montuosum ; all Asteraceae). Plants with such inflorescences have sometimes been reported as pollinated by butterflies or moths, although they were visited by rich pollinator communities and apparently did not only rely on lepidopterans 42 , 43 . Altogether, only a few plant species in our study seemed to depend on pollination by butterflies or sphingids based on the combination of their flowers’ morphology and visitation frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevational and seasonal patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

Mertens

Brisson

Janeček

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Butterflies and moths are conspicuous flower visitors but their role in plant-pollinator interactions has rarely been quantified, especially in tropical rainforests. Moreover, we have virtually no knowledge of environmental factors affecting the role of lepidopterans in pollination networks. We videorecorded flower-visiting butterflies and hawkmoths on 212 plant species (> 26,000 recorded hrs) along the complete elevational gradient of rainforests on Mount Cameroon in dry and wet seasons. Altogether, we recorded 734 flower visits by 80 butterfly and 27 hawkmoth species, representing only ~ 4% of all flower visits. Although lepidopterans visited flowers of only a third of the plant species, they appeared to be key visitors for several plants. Lepidopterans visited flowers most frequently at mid-elevations and dry season, mirroring their local elevational patterns of diversity. Characteristics of interaction networks showed no apparent elevational or seasonal patterns, probably because of the high specialisation of all networks. Significant non-linear changes of proboscis and forewing lengths were found along elevation. A positive relationship between the lengths of proboscis of hesperiid butterflies and tube of visited flowers was detected. Differences in floral preferences were found between sphingids and butterflies, revealing the importance of nectar production, floral size and shape for sphingids, and floral colour for butterflies. The revealed trait-matching and floral preferences confirmed their potential to drive floral evolution in tropical ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevational and seasonal patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

Mertens

Brisson

Janeček

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plants with such inflorescences were pollinated by butterflies or moths in some cases, although they were typically visited by rich pollinator communities and apparently did not only rely on lepidopterans (e.g. Budumajji & Solomon Raju, 2018;Valentin-Silva et al, 2016). Altogether, only a few plant species in our study seemed to depend on pollination by butterflies or sphingids based on the combination of their flowers' morphology and visitation frequency.…”

Section: Importance Of Butterflies and Sphingids As Pollinatorsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Role and patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks at different elevations and seasons in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

Mertens

Brisson

Janeček

et al. 2021

Preprint

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1. Butterflies and moths are well-visible flower visitors. Nevertheless, almost no quantification of their role in plant-pollinator interactions exists at a community level, especially from tropical rainforests. Moreover, we have virtually no knowledge on environmental and other factors affecting lepidopteran flower visits. 2. We focused on the role of butterflies and hawkmoths as flower visitors in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon, especially on its elevational and seasonal changes. We also analysed their preferences to selected floral traits, with a specific focus on pollination syndromes. 3. We video-recorded flower visitors of 1,115 specimens of 212 plant species (>26,000 recording hrs) along the complete elevational gradient of rainforests in two main seasons, and compared frequencies of flower-visiting lepidopterans to other visitors. We compared characteristics of plant-lepidopteran networks among elevations and seasons, and analysed patterns of selected lepidopteran traits. Finally, we analysed inter-family differences in their floral preferences. 4. Altogether, we recorded 734 flower visits by 80 butterflies and 27 hawkmoth species, representing only ~4% of all 18,439 flower visits. Although lepidopterans visited only a third species, they appeared key visitors of several plants. The most flower visits by lepidopterans were recorded in mid-elevations and dry season, mirroring the general patterns of lepidopteran diversity. The networks showed no apparent elevational or seasonal patterns, probably because of the surprisingly high specialisation of interactions in all networks. Significant non-linear changes of proboscis and forewing lengths were found along elevation, and long-proboscid hesperiid butterflies visited flowers with longer tubes or spurs. Substantial differences in floral preferences were found between sphingids, and papilionid, nymphalid and lycaenid butterflies, revealing importance of nectar production, floral size and shape for sphingids, and floral colour for butterflies. 5. Butterflies and hawkmoths were confirmed as relatively minor visitors of tropical forest flowers, although they seemed crucial for pollination of some plant species. Moreover, the revealed floral preferences and trait-matchings confirmed a potential of some lepidopteran families to drive floral evolution in tropical ecosystems.

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“…While the molecular pathways controlling elongation of anther filaments and styles in sunflowers are likely different, we demonstrate that their common regulation by the circadian clock results in the fast and near-synchronous release of pollen a few hours after dawn. Intriguingly, many bee- and butterfly-pollinated Asteraceae species release pollen in the morning ( Budumajji and Raju, 2018 ; Hipólito et al, 2013 ; Neff and Simpson, 1990 ; Valentin-Silva et al, 2016 ) while at least one bat-pollinated member of the family releases pollen in the early night ( Amorim et al, 2021 ). Since a delay in the timing of pollen release relative to dawn reduces pollinator visits ( Figure 7E–H ) and negatively affects male reproductive success in sunflower ( Creux et al, 2021 ), it is tempting to speculate that clock regulation of late-stage floret development may be widespread in the Asteraceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The circadian clock controls temporal and spatial patterns of floral development in sunflower

Marshall

Thompson

Creux

et al. 2023

eLife

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Biological rhythms are ubiquitous. They can be generated by circadian oscillators, which produce daily rhythms in physiology and behavior, as well as by developmental oscillators such as the segmentation clock, which periodically produces modular developmental units. Here, we show that the circadian clock controls the timing of late-stage floret development, or anthesis, in domesticated sunflowers. In these plants, up to thousands of individual florets are tightly packed onto a capitulum disk. While early floret development occurs continuously across capitula to generate iconic spiral phyllotaxy, during anthesis floret development occurs in discrete ring-like pseudowhorls with up to hundreds of florets undergoing simultaneous maturation. We demonstrate circadian regulation of floral organ growth and show that the effects of light on this process are time-of-day dependent. Delays in the phase of floral anthesis delay morning visits by pollinators, while disruption of circadian rhythms in floral organ development causes loss of pseudowhorl formation and large reductions in pollinator visits. We therefore show that the sunflower circadian clock acts in concert with environmental response pathways to tightly synchronize the anthesis of hundreds of florets each day, generating spatial patterns on the developing capitulum disk. This coordinated mass release of floral rewards at predictable times of day likely promotes pollinator visits and plant reproductive success.

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Three psychophilous Asteraceae species with distinct reproductive mechanisms in southeastern Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Elevational and seasonal patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

Elevational and seasonal patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

Role and patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant-pollinator networks at different elevations and seasons in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon

The circadian clock controls temporal and spatial patterns of floral development in sunflower

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