Three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency using Rydberg states

Carr, C. W.; Танаситтикосол, Монсит; Sargsyan, A.; Sarkisyan, D.; Adams, Charles S.; Weatherill, Kevin J.

doi:10.1364/ol.37.003858

Cited by 95 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, in Rb and Cs Rydberg-EIT one typically requires a coupling laser at respective wavelengths of 480 nm and 510 nm, ∼1 MHz linewidth, tens of mW of power, and good spatial mode quality. There is an interest in replacing the two-color EIT with schemes involving three low-power infrared lasers instead [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically induced transparency, absorption, and microwave-field sensing in a Rb vapor cell with a three-color all-infrared laser system

et al. 2019

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A comprehensive study of three-photon electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) on the rubidium cascade 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 (laser wavelength 780 nm), 5P 3/2 → 5D 5/2 (776 nm), and 5D 5/2 → 28F 7/2 (1260 nm) is performed. The 780-nm probe and 776-nm dressing beams are counter-aligned through a Rb room-temperature vapor cell, and the 1260-nm coupler beam is co-or counter-aligned with the probe beam. Several cases of EIT and EIA, measured over a range of detunings of the 776-nm beam, are studied. The observed phenomena are modeled by numerically solving the Lindblad equation, and the results are interpreted in terms of the probe-beam absorption behavior of velocity-and detuning-dependent dressed states. To explore the utility of three-photon Rydberg EIA/EIT for microwave electric-field diagnostics, a sub-THz field generated by a signal source and a frequency quadrupler is applied to the Rb cell. The 100.633-GHz field resonantly drives the 28F 7/2 ↔ 29D 5/2 transition and causes Autler-Townes splittings in the Rydberg EIA/EIT spectra, which are measured and employed to characterize the performance of the microwave quadrupler.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically induced transparency, absorption, and microwave-field sensing in a Rb vapor cell with a three-color all-infrared laser system

et al. 2019

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“…2(a) [26]. In the simple theoretical analysis above Doppler averaging is not considered; however by using a multi-photon scheme we excite only a narrow velocity distribution of atoms [27] and can therefore access a regime where the mean-field shift between Rydberg states far exceeds the Doppler width of the excitation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg Ensemble

Carr¹,

Ritter²,

Wade³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

223

287

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We demonstrate a non-equilibrium phase transition in a dilute thermal atomic gas. The phase transition, between states of low and high Rydberg occupancy, is induced by resonant dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms. The gas can be considered as dilute as the atoms are separated by distances much greater than the wavelength of the optical transitions used to excite them. In the frequency domain we observe a mean-field shift of the Rydberg state which results in intrinsic optical bistability above a critical Rydberg number density. In the time domain we observe critical slowing down where the recovery time to system perturbations diverges with critical exponent α = −0.53 ± 0.10. The atomic emission spectrum of the phase with high Rydberg occupancy provides evidence for a superradiant cascade.Non-equilibrium systems displaying phase transitions are found throughout nature and society, for example in ecosystems, financial markets and climate [1]. The steady state of a non-equilibrium system is a dynamical equilibrium between driving and dissipative processes. In atomic physics, one of the most studied non-equilibrium phase transitions is optical bistability where the driving is provided by a resonant laser field and the dissipation is inherent in the atom-light interaction. In most examples of optical bistability feedback is provided by an optical cavity, as in the pioneering work of Gibbs [2,3]. However, bistability can also arise in systems where many dipoles are located within a volume which is much smaller than the optical wavelength; in this case the feedback is due to resonant dipole-dipole interactions [4,5]. This latter case is known as intrinsic optical bistability [6] and has, so far, only been observed in an up-conversion process between densely packed Yb 3+ ions in a solid-state crystal host cooled to cryogenic temperatures [7]. Intrinsic optical bistability generally cannot be observed for simple two-level systems such as atomic gases, because the resonance broadening, which is larger than the line shift [8], suppresses the bistable response [9,10].A solution to this problem is provided by highlyexcited Rydberg states, where the dipole-dipole induced level shifts between neighbouring states can be much larger than the excitation linewidth. This property of optical excitation of Rydberg atoms, known as dipole blockade [11], enables a diverse range of applications in quantum many-body physics, quantum information processing [12], non-linear optics [13] and quantum optics [14][15][16][17]. An interesting feature of Rydberg systems is that the range of the interaction can be much larger than the optical excitation wavelength, giving rise to non-local interactions [18]. This also creates the possibility of observing intrinsic optical bistability, and hence non-equilibrium phase transitions [19] over macroscopic, optically-resolvable length scales.In this letter, we demonstrate a non-equilibrium phase transition in a thermal Rydberg ensemble. In contrast to previous experiments, we directly observe...

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“…1a. The atoms of a thermal caesium vapour are continuously driven to the 21P 3/2 Rydberg energy level using a three-step ladder laser excitation scheme 29 , consisting of probe, coupling and Rydberg lasers (Methods section). The vapour is monitored by photographing optical atomic fluorescence and by measuring the transmitted probe laser power, p , which increases when atoms are shelved in long-lived Rydberg levels or ionised 30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A terahertz-driven non-equilibrium phase transition in a room temperature atomic vapour

et al. 2018

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There are few demonstrated examples of phase transitions that may be driven directly by terahertz frequency electric fields, and those that are known require field strengths exceeding 1 MV cm−1. Here we report a non-equilibrium phase transition driven by a weak (≪1 V cm−1), continuous-wave terahertz electric field. The system consists of room temperature caesium vapour under continuous optical excitation to a high-lying Rydberg state, which is resonantly coupled to a nearby level by the terahertz electric field. We use a simple model to understand the underlying physical behaviour, and we demonstrate two protocols to exploit the phase transition as a narrowband terahertz detector: the first with a fast (20 μs) non-linear response to nano-Watts of incident radiation, and the second with a linearised response and effective noise equivalent power ≤1 pW Hz−1/2. The work opens the door to a class of terahertz devices controlled with low-field intensities and operating in a room temperature environment.

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Three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency using Rydberg states

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Electromagnetically induced transparency, absorption, and microwave-field sensing in a Rb vapor cell with a three-color all-infrared laser system

Electromagnetically induced transparency, absorption, and microwave-field sensing in a Rb vapor cell with a three-color all-infrared laser system

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg Ensemble

A terahertz-driven non-equilibrium phase transition in a room temperature atomic vapour

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