Three-phase unbalance of distribution systems: Complementary analysis and experimental case study

An improved combination of Hilbert and Park transforms for fault detection and identification in three-phase induction motors

“…The origins of inherent failures are due to the mechanical or electrical forces acting in the machine enclosure. Researchers have studied a variety of machine faults, such as winding faults [2], voltage unbalance [3,4], broken rotor bars [5], eccentricity [6], and bearing faults [7].…”

Voltage unbalance reduction in low voltage feeders by dynamic switching of residential customers among three phases

“…There are several methods for calculation and interpretation of VU, as discussed briefly below:  Phase Voltage Unbalance Rate (PVUR) is defined, based on IEEE Std. 936-1987 [13], as…”

“… PVUR is defined, based on IEEE Std. 112-1991 [13], in terms of phase voltages and their average (V av-P ) as…”

“…It is stated in [13] that in four-wire systems, zero sequence voltage often makes a larger contribution to phase voltage magnitude imbalance than negative sequence components. This is referred to as percentage VU (VU%) in the rest of the paper.…”

Average value based model for electrical distribution system load dynamics

“…As a result, any load connected to a three or four wire three phase system can be transformed to a balanced load with unity power factor even if it is a single phase load. A paper which deals with the distribution unbalance and development of tangible relationships between the level of unbalance and the cited consequences of the distribution networks is presented in [19] by Tavakoli Bina and Kashefi.…”