Three Part Harmony — Ascophyllum and Its Symbionts

Garbary, David J.; Deckert, Ron J.

doi:10.1007/0-306-48173-1_19

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Cytological interactions among the algal and fungal components of this community have been described elsewhere (e.g. Garbary & Deckert 2001, Xu et al 2008. A fourth member of this community is the brown, cushion-forming, obligate epiphyte Elachista fucicola, which is also abundant on Fucus species.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…The high population density and production suggest that H. variabilis is an important, but overlooked, component of marine rocky shores of the northwestern Atlantic. 376: 193-202, 2009 phylli, and the obligate epiphytic red alga Polysiphonia (Vertebrata) lanosa (Garbary & MacDonald 1995, Garbary & Deckert 2001, Garbary et al 2005a. Cytological interactions among the algal and fungal components of this community have been described elsewhere (e.g.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…It was previously reported in eastern Canada by Colbo (1996) from rocky shores in Newfoundland and by Giberson et al (2001) from salt marshes in Prince Edward Island. The larvae of this species form part of a complex, multi-species, symbiotic community, of which the other primary components are the abundant, intertidal fucoid Ascophyllum nodosum, the obligate, endophytic fungus Mycophycias asco-phylli, and the obligate epiphytic red alga Polysiphonia (Vertebrata) lanosa (Garbary & MacDonald 1995, Garbary & Deckert 2001, Garbary et al 2005a. Cytological interactions among the algal and fungal components of this community have been described elsewhere (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, harvesting of A. nodosum by cutting fronds removes the bulk of the E. fucicola and H. variabilis from the habitat. This can only have negative implications for the consumers of H. variabilis The complexity of the A. nodosum symbiotic community (Garbary & Deckert 2001, Garbary et al 2005b suggests that diverse studies of this community are required before harvesting can be considered benign. …”

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Population ecology of the marine insect Halocladius variabilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the rocky intertidal zone of Nova Scotia, Canada

Garbary¹,

Jamieson²,

Taylor³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the population ecology and productivity of the little-known marine insect Halocladius variabilis (Chironomidae) from the exposed rocky intertidal zone on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Larvae of H. variabilis are host-specific symbionts of the brown alga Elachista fucicola, which in turn is an abundant epiphyte on the dominant intertidal fucoid Ascophyllum nodosum. At our primary study site at Drum Head, A. nodosum frond density (mean ± SE) was 546 ± 46 fronds m -2 for fronds > 20 cm long. Density of E. fucicola on A. nodosum was highly variable seasonally, with median densities of 20 000 m -2 in July. Mean number of H. variabilis larvae per E. fucicola thallus varied from 0.8 ± 0.1 in November to 3.9 ± 0.3 in mid-July. Median density of larvae per frond of A. nodosum ranged from 0 in November to 246 in July. The latter number represents a median density of 59 500 larvae m -2 , making H. variabilis one of the most abundant marine insects known. Based on distributions of larval size, H. variabilis appears to be univoltine or possibly bivoltine. H. variabilis larvae were largest (6.48 ± 0.17 mm long) in May and smallest in late August (~2 mm), suggesting a mid-summer period of adult egg-laying. Larval production was conservatively estimated at 130 g m -2 yr -1 , making this also the most productive chironomid known from any habitat. The high population density and production suggest that H. variabilis is an important, but overlooked, component of marine rocky shores of the northwestern Atlantic. 376: 193-202, 2009 phylli, and the obligate epiphytic red alga Polysiphonia (Vertebrata) lanosa (Garbary & MacDonald 1995, Garbary & Deckert 2001, Garbary et al. 2005a. Cytological interactions among the algal and fungal components of this community have been described elsewhere (e.g. Garbary & Deckert 2001, Xu et al. 2008. A fourth member of this community is the brown, cushion-forming, obligate epiphyte Elachista fucicola, which is also abundant on Fucus species. When E. fucicola colonizes A. nodosum, it forms a cushion of tightly interwoven filaments from which arise abundant free filaments up to 2 cm long. Larvae of H. variabilis live among the basal filaments and feed on epiphytes on free filaments of E. fuciola (Garbary et al. 2005b). Although at least 3 other epiphytes are common on A. nodosum (Spongonema tomentosa, Ceramium virgatum, and Pilayella littoralis), at our study site, larvae of H. variabilis are found only associated with E. fucicola growing on A. nodosum (Garbary et al. 2005b). Elsewhere, Halocladius has been associated with other primary hosts on both A. nodusum and Fucus spp. (Johnson & Scheibling 1987, E. Tarakhovskaya & D. J. Garbary unpubl.). KEY WORDS: Chironomidae · Halocladius variabilis · Production · Life cycle · Ascophyllum nodosum · Marine insects Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog SerThere are few studies on the abundance of chironomid larvae on rocky intertidal shores. Colman (1939) reported t...

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confidence: 81%

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confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population ecology of the marine insect Halocladius variabilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the rocky intertidal zone of Nova Scotia, Canada

Garbary¹,

Jamieson²,

Taylor³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis is the host of a complex symbiotic system that includes an obligate endophytic ascomycete, Mycophycias ascophylli (Cotton) Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, and the obligate, epiphytic red alga, Vertebrata lanosa (L.) Christensen (Garbary and Deckert 2001). V. lanosa is, in turn, associated with the host-specific, red algal parasite Choreocolax polysiphoniae Reinsch (Irvine 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascophyllum nodosum and its symbionts: XI. The epiphyte Vertebrata lanosa performs better photosynthetically when attached to Ascophyllum than when alone

Garbary¹,

Miller²,

Scrosati³

2014

ALGAE

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Vertebrata lanosa is an abundant and obligate red algal epiphyte of Ascophyllum nodosum that forms part of a complex and highly integrated symbiotic system that includes the ascomycete, Mycophycias ascophylli. As part of ongoing studies to resolve interactions among species in the symbiosis, we used pulse amplitude modulation fluorimetry of chlorophyll a fluorescence, from photosystem II (PSII), to measure the maximum quantum yield (F v / F m ) of PSII [QY(II) max ] and relative photosynthetic electron transport rates (rETR), as a function of light intensity, in order to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity of the two algal symbionts in the field and in the laboratory under different treatments. Our primary question was 'Is the ecological integration of these species reflected in a corresponding physiological integration involving photosynthetic process?' In the laboratory we measured changes in QY(II) max in thalli of V. lanosa and A. nodosum over one week periods when maintained together in either attached or detached treatments or when maintained separated from each other. While the QY(II) max of PSII of A. nodosum remained high and showed no significant variation among treatments, V. lanosa showed decreasing performance in the following conditions: V. lanosa attached to A. nodosum, V. lanosa in the same culture, but not attached to A. nodosum, and V. lanosa alone. These results are consistent with observations in which rETR was reduced in V. lanosa maintained alone versus attached to A. nodosum. Values for QY(II) max in V. lanosa measured in the field in fully submerged thalli were similar to those measured in the laboratory when V. lanosa was attached to it obligate host A. nodosum. Our results provide evidence of a physiological association of the epiphyte and its host that reflects the known ecology.

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Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture

2010

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Both micro-and macroalgae have long been used to augment plant productivity and food production in various regions of the world through their beneficial effects when applied to soils. Interactions of algae with the soil community undoubtedly are complex and benefits are dependent on the crop and the local environmental conditions. This has resulted in much speculation as to mechanisms involved as well as the validity of the results reported. It is now 60 years since the first commercial seaweed extract was manufactured for agricultural use. These aqueous extracts allowed for the first time the direct application of soluble seaweed constituents to specific plant organs such as leaves and roots. The earlier concept that benefits of seaweeds and their extracts were due mainly to their manurial value or to their micronutrient suites is no longer tenable. Seaweeds likewise have been used for millennia as fodder supplements to improve animal nutrition and productivity. Recent research is focusing on their mode of action, specific health benefits, and the mechanisms of action in animals. Improved analytical techniques and instrumentation coupled with the use of molecular genetic tools are establishing that seaweed extracts can modify plant and animal responses at a fundamental level. It therefore seems appropriate to review key developments over the years and to remark on novel findings. A new and exciting vista has opened for seaweed extracts in both plant and animal applications.

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Three Part Harmony — Ascophyllum and Its Symbionts

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Population ecology of the marine insect Halocladius variabilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the rocky intertidal zone of Nova Scotia, Canada

Population ecology of the marine insect Halocladius variabilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the rocky intertidal zone of Nova Scotia, Canada

Ascophyllum nodosum and its symbionts: XI. The epiphyte Vertebrata lanosa performs better photosynthetically when attached to Ascophyllum than when alone

Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture

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