“…MOFs sensing materials have emerged for biomedical applications principally due to their low cytotoxicity (which is critical for eventual in vivo applications), intrinsic biodegradability, biological affinity, and the possibility of integrating biomolecules in the MOF structures (i.e., to prepare biosensors). Recently developed MOF sensing materials have been used for the detection of (i) pharmaceutical drugs [ 65 ]; (ii) biomarkers for non-communicable diseases, such as cardiac troponin (myocardial injuries) [ 66 ], microRNA (different disease states) [ 67 ], or VOCs (in the breath of patients and related to different diseases) [ 68 ]; (iii) specific biomarkers for communicable diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS), such as MPT64 and ESAT-6 proteins (biomarkers secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) [ 69 , 70 ], or dipicolinic acid (biomarker for anthrax) [ 71 ]; (iv) pathogens (virus, bacterium, or fungus), such as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa [ 72 ], hepatitis-C [ 73 ], human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [ 74 ], and Ebola [ 75 ].…”