Three new species of Sarcocornia (Chenopodiaceae) from South Africa

Steffen, Simone; Mucina, Ladislav; Kadereit, Gudrun

doi:10.1007/s12225-009-9127-1

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Australian genera Halosarcia Paul G.Wilson, Pachycornia Hook.f., Sclerostegia Paul G.Wilson, and Tegicornia Paul G.Wilson were incorporated into one genus, Tecticornia Hook.f., by Shepherd & Wilson (2007). Several new taxa have recently been described especially in Sarcocornia A.J.Scott (Steffen & al., 2009;Fuente & al., 2011Fuente & al., , 2013Yaprak, 2012), Tecticornia (Shepherd, 2007a(Shepherd, , b, 2008Shepherd & Van Leeuwen, 2007Shepherd & Lyons;), Salicornia L. (Akhani, 2008;Yaprak & Yurdakulol, 2008) and Arthrocnemum Moq. (Sukhorukov & Nilova, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny, biogeography, systematics and taxonomy of Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae) – A cosmopolitan, highly specialized hygrohalophyte lineage dating back to the Oligocene

Piirainen

Liebisch

Kadereit

2017

TAXON

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Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae / Chenopodiaceae) comprise 11 genera and ca. 100 species of succulent halophytes distributed worldwide in coastal and inland saline habitats. Most species have peculiar articulated, seemingly leafless stems and spike-like sessile thyrses with highly reduced flowers hidden by fleshy bracts. We analysed sequence data of four markers (ETS, ITS, atpB-rbcL, matK-trnK) from 57 species, 9 subspecies, 1 variety and 2 hybrids representing all curently accepted genera using maximum likelihood, Bayesian analysis, fossil-calibrated molecular dating and ancestral area analysis. All molecular markers gave similar phylogenetic signals. Salicornioideae probably originated in Eurasia during the late Eocene-early Oligocene. The divergence of the early main clades took place in the middle Oligocene with the separation of Allenrolfea / Heterostachys, Halocnemum /Halopeplis /Halostachys /Kalidium and Arthrocnemum /Microcnemum /Tecticornia /Salicornia / Sarcocornia lineages. The latter lineage diversified most and comprises ¾ of the species of the subfamily. The Arthrocnemum macrostachyum /Microcnemum lineage diverged at the turn of the Oligocene / Miocene -while the Arthrocnemum subterminale, Tecticornia and Salicornia /Sarcocornia lineages were all present by the middle Miocene. Long-distance dispersal has taken place several times to the Americas (Allenrolfea /Heterostachys, Arthrocnemum subterminale, Salicornia /Sarcocornia), South Africa (Halopeplis, Salicornia /Sarcocornia) and Australia (Tecticornia, Salicornia /Sarcocornia). Most currently accepted genera were resolved as monophyletic. However, Sarcocornia is paraphyletic in relation to Salicornia, and Arthrocnemum proved to be polyphyletic. In addition, the name Arthrocnemum is a nomenclatural synonym of Salicornia. As a consequence, we propose the merging of Sarcocornia under Salicornia and provide 19 new nomenclatural combinations and one replacement name. For Salicornia (incl. Sarcocornia) we propose a new infrageneric classification to accommodate the four phylogenetically and geographically well-supported sublineages of the genus. We also propose abandoning the name Arthrocnemum in its current use, and describe two new genera, Arthrocaulon (Eurasia, Africa) and Arthroceras (North America), and provide three new nomenclatural combinations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny, biogeography, systematics and taxonomy of Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae) – A cosmopolitan, highly specialized hygrohalophyte lineage dating back to the Oligocene

Piirainen

Liebisch

Kadereit

2017

TAXON

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“…), embedded in a plain covered with undulating solidified dunes. This lineage grows in saline alluvia and salt pans and co‐occurs with yet another local endemic salicornid, Sarcocornia freitagii S. Steffen, Mucina & G.Kadereit (Steffen, Mucina & Kadereit, ), and (sub)halophytes, such as Cotula eckloniana (DC.) Levyns, Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicornia L. (Amaranthaceae) in South Africa and Namibia: rapid spread and ecological diversification of cryptic species

2013

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In Salicornia, morphology does not provide reliable diagnostic characters supporting the true extent of evolutionary divergence in the genus, and species concepts have been challenged by molecular analyses. Here, we report the results of an analysis of 91 accessions of the S. meyeriana complex from South Africa and Namibia using the measurements of 38 morphological traits and external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequence data. Morphological data were analysed using discriminant analysis, principal coordinate analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Phylogenetic divergence was compared with the geographical and ecological diversity of the sampled populations. Tree topology corresponds to geography and ecology, but not to morphology. Most clades have distinct distribution areas and ecological profiles related to tidal, supratidal or inland saline habitats. Salicornia probably diversified in habitats that have experienced regular fragmentation by marine transgression/regression cycles during the Pleistocene. We suggest that this radiation produced young, but genetically, geographically and ecologically well‐defined lineages. The lack of morphological signal reveals the existence of cryptic species in Salicornia and demonstrates the necessity of using molecular data to define taxa in this genus. We propose the recognition of two subspecies in the S. meyeriana complex: S. meyeriana subsp. meyeriana and S. meyeriana subsp. knysnaensis. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 175–186.

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“…The apex of the segments was commonly used in the descriptions of some Sarcocornia species (Maire & Quézel, 1962;Castroviejo, 1990;Alonso & Crespo, 2008;Steffen & al., 2009Steffen & al., , 2010. Fuente & al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for previous morphological features, no tendency was newly observed between the studied species. Concerning to seed coat has been widely described for taxonomical purposes within the genus Sarcocornia (Shepherd & al., 2005;Alonso & Crespo, 2008;Steffen & al., 2009Steffen & al., , 2010, and specially to distinguish between S. fruticosa and S. perennis (Maire & Quézel, 1962;Meikle, 1977;Valdés & al., 1987b;Bolòs & Vigo, 1990;Castroviejo, 1990;Cabello 2011;Guilló & al., 2012). For S. fruticosa, the mentioned authors reported a seed ornamentation well characterised by the presence of short hairs, papillae or mamelons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomical identity of <em>Sarcocornia fruticosa</em> and <em>S. hispanica</em> in the Iberian Peninsula

Guilló¹,

Alonso²,

Lendínez³

et al. 2014

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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The recent description of Sarcocornia hispanica, from SE Iberian Peninsula evidences the notable morphological complexity of this genus. This species is quite close to S. fruticosa, as they both show an erect habit and lack of rooting stems. Besides, S. fruticosa has been traditionally recorded for the same geographical area of S. hispanica. However, the original description of S. hispanica did not include any mention about these two taxa would live together and which ones are the differential morphological characters. Our study aims to clarify their main morphological differences and to address two questions. Firstly, if two close species would be coexisting or secondly, if both species would not live together and then only one erect shrubby species should be recognised for the southeastern peninsular. Therefore, a detailed morphological study of these two species was carried out using vegetative and reproductive characters together with SEM features. Based on the original description, the main morphological features of S. hispanica were compared, plus other features which would support their identification. Our data pointed out the existence of a marked overlapping for most of the studied characters independently of the geographical procedence of the samples. As a result, no significant morphological differences have been found between both taxa, and S. hispanica is proposed as a mere synonym of S. fruticosa. La reciente descripción de Sarcocornia hispanica, para el sureste de la península ibérica, evidencia la notable complejidad morfológica de este género. Esta especie es muy próxima a S. fruticosa, ya que ambas tienen el hábito erecto y carecen de ramas enraizantes. Además, S. fruticosa ha sido tradicionalmente citada para la misma área geográfica de S. hispanica. Sin embargo, en la descripción original de S. hispanica no se indica si ambos taxones conviven y tampoco se aportan los caracteres morfológicos que los diferencian. El presente trabajo se centra en clarificar sus principales diferencias morfológicas, y dar respuesta a dos posibles hipótesis. En primer lugar, si estas dos especies coexisten, o en segundo lugar, ambas especies no convivirían y solo una especie arbustivas de hábito erecto, se reconocerían para el sureste peninsular. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio morfológico detallado de ambas especies basado en diferentes caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos, junto con características obtenidas con MEB. Se han comparado los principales caracteres morfológicos indicados en la descripción original de S. hispanica, así como otros caracteres que apoyen la identificación de ambos taxones. Los datos obtenidos indican que la mayor parte de las características analizadas están solapadas entre ambas especies con independencia de su procedencia geográfica. Por tanto, no se han encontrado diferencias morfológicas entre ambos taxones, y se propone a S. hispanica como un sinónimo de S. fruticosa.

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Three new species of Sarcocornia (Chenopodiaceae) from South Africa

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Phylogeny, biogeography, systematics and taxonomy of Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae) – A cosmopolitan, highly specialized hygrohalophyte lineage dating back to the Oligocene

Phylogeny, biogeography, systematics and taxonomy of Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae) – A cosmopolitan, highly specialized hygrohalophyte lineage dating back to the Oligocene

Salicornia L. (Amaranthaceae) in South Africa and Namibia: rapid spread and ecological diversification of cryptic species

Taxonomical identity of <em>Sarcocornia fruticosa</em> and <em>S. hispanica</em> in the Iberian Peninsula

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