Three New Species of Couratari (Lecythidaceae)

Prance, Ghillean Τ.

doi:10.2307/2806571

Brittonia

1981

DOI: 10.2307/2806571

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Three New Species of Couratari (Lecythidaceae)

Ghillean Τ. Prance

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2007

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…This kind of androecium is not found in any other angiosperm in the world. The form of the androecial hood provides important characters for generic circumscriptions (Prance and Mori, 1979;Mori and Prance, 1990;Prance, 1990) and serves as a guide into the flower, a landing platform, and provides a food source (fodder pollen or nectar) for pollinators (Mori and Boeke, 1987).…”

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Floral organogenesis and floral evolution of the Lecythidoideae (Lecythidaceae)

Tsou

Mori²

2007

American J of Botany

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The subfamily Lecythidoideae of Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family) is a dominant group in neotropical forests, especially those of Amazonia. New World members of the family have large showy flowers that are either polysymmetric or monosymmetric. In this study, floral organogenesis of all 10 neotropical genera was examined using SEM. Our observations of floral development are put into the context of a molecular phylogeny based on sequences of the ndhF and trnL-F genes (Am. J. Bot. 94: 289-301). Floral evolution of the subfamily is explained as having undergone four different levels of complexity in regard to floral symmetry. The basal most genera, Grias and Gustavia, have polysymmetric flowers. At level two, represented only by Couroupita, monosymmetry is established through the expression of abaxial dominance and the development of an androecial hood; at this level, abaxial dominance impacts the perianth and androecium, but not the gynoecium. At the third level, monosymmetry is developed in groups of Couratari and Cariniana domestica; but, in the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra lineage, a reversal back to polysymmetric flowers, resulting from a gradual weakening of abaxial dominance, and the loss of the hood has occurred. Finally, in level four, including Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera, and Lecythis, monosymmetry is so strongly expressed that the gynoecium is also influenced by abaxial dominance. In this group, the hood is complicated in both structure and function, and the floral axis is changed from straight to slightly inclined. This study demonstrates that the development of floral abaxial dominance is the proximate cause of monosymmetry in the Lecythidoideae. We suggest that monosymmetric flowers are more efficiently pollinated, and therefore the bees and bats that pollinate the monosymmetric flowers in this group are ultimately responsible for the monosymmetry.

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confidence: 99%

“…The most complex hoods are found in species of Eschweilera and Couratari (Mori and Prance, 1990, fig. 31; Prance, 1990); in these genera pollination is limited to bees strong enough to force their way into the flower, but also with tongues long enough to reach the nectar at the end of the coil. The hood of Bertholletia excelsa (Prance and Mori, 1979, fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Floral organogenesis and floral evolution of the Lecythidoideae (Lecythidaceae)

Tsou

Mori²

2007

American J of Botany

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Conservation assessment of Lecythidaceae from eastern Brazil

et al. 2016

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Summary. This work evaluates the conservation status of the 22 species of Lecythidaceae native to eastern Brazil. Assessments based on current IUCN criteria, distribution maps, and an identification key to the native and nonnative species from the area are provided. The results of this study suggest that over half of the species are threatened (vulnerable or endangered), four species should be added to the IUCN Red List, and the status of seven species currently on this list should be changed. It was found that nearly all collections of endangered species are from or occur within 20 km of a reserve, which clearly shows that protected areas are of vital importance for the survival of most endangered Lecythidaceae from this region.

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Toward a Phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae—II. Status of Allantoma, Cariniana, Couratari, Couroupita, Grias and Gustavia

et al. 2015

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The morphological features of all clades of neotropical Lecythidaceae subfam. Lecythidoideae (Brazil nut family) with actinomorphic androecia (Allantoma, Grias, Gustavia) as well as three clades with zygomorphic androecia (Cariniana, Couroupita, and Couratari) are described. These clades are those that were recovered by a phylogeny based on molecular data, and all, except Allantoma and Cariniana, have been recognized as genera without changes for over a hundred years. The latter two genera have recently been circumscribed such that they now also represent monophyletic clades; thus, the authors conclude that the clades discussed in this paper represent well-defined genera based on both morphological and molecular data. Morphological descriptions of these six clades of the non-Bertholletia clade are included and a key to the 16 clades of New World Lecythidaceae is presented.

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Three New Species of Couratari (Lecythidaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Floral organogenesis and floral evolution of the Lecythidoideae (Lecythidaceae)

Floral organogenesis and floral evolution of the Lecythidoideae (Lecythidaceae)

Conservation assessment of Lecythidaceae from eastern Brazil

Toward a Phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae—II. Status of Allantoma, Cariniana, Couratari, Couroupita, Grias and Gustavia

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