Three Measurable and Modifiable Enteric Microbial Biotransformations Relevant to Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Plotnikoff, Gregory A.

doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.021

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Research has associated the human microbiome with lifestyle changes (1), severity of disease (2–4), treatment outcomes (5, 6), and the built environment (7). Meanwhile, the microbiomes from oceans (8) to atmospheres (9) have provided key insights into the influence and response of particular microbes to various complex environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Helper: a Custom and Streamlined Workflow for Microbiome Research

2017

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As the microbiome field continues to grow, a multitude of researchers are learning how to conduct proper microbiome experiments. We outline here a streamlined and custom approach to processing samples from detailed sequencing library construction to step-by-step bioinformatic standard operating procedures. This allows for rapid and reliable microbiome analysis, allowing researchers to focus more on their experiment design and results. Our sequencing protocols, bioinformatic tutorials, and bundled software are freely available through Microbiome Helper. As the microbiome research field continues to evolve, Microbiome Helper will be updated with new protocols, scripts, and training materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Helper: a Custom and Streamlined Workflow for Microbiome Research

2017

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“…It has long been known that certain secondary bile acids, secreted into the intestinal lumen and involved in fat absorption, can promote colon carcinogenesis [2–4]. Levels of bile acids are known to differ as a result of patho-physiological and environmental conditions including obesity, genetic traits, and lifestyle [4–8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile acid: a potential inducer of colon cancer stem cells

Farhana

Nangia‐Makker

Arbit³

et al. 2016

Stem Cell Res Ther

126

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BackgroundAlthough the unconjugated secondary bile acids, specifically deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), are considered to be risk factors for colorectal cancer, the precise mechanism(s) by which they regulate carcinogenesis is poorly understood. We hypothesize that the cytotoxic bile acids may promote stemness in colonic epithelial cells leading to generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that play a role in the development and progression of colon cancer.MethodsNormal human colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpiC) were used to study bile acid DCA/LCA-mediated induction of CSCs. The expression of CSC markers was measured by real-time qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to isolate CSCs. T-cell factor/lymphoid-enhancing factor (TCF/LEF) luciferase assay was employed to examine the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Downregulation of muscarinic 3 receptor (M3R) was achieved through transfection of corresponding siRNA.ResultsWe found DCA/LCA to induce CSCs in normal human colonic epithelial cells, as evidenced by the increased proportion of CSCs, elevated levels of several CSC markers, as well as a number of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers together with increased colonosphere formation, drug exclusion, ABCB1 and ABCG2 expression, and induction of M3R, p-EGFR, matrix metallopeptidases, and c-Myc. Inhibition of M3R signaling greatly suppressed DCA/LCA induction of the CSC marker ALDHA1 and also c-Myc mRNA expression as well as transcriptional activation of TCF/LEF.ConclusionsOur results suggest that bile acids, specifically DCA and LCA, induce cancer stemness in colonic epithelial cells by modulating M3R and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and thus could be considered promoters of colon cancer.

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“…The human microbiota has identifi ed three enteric microbial biotransformations of particular relevance for human health [8]. First, selective bacteria can reverse benefi cial hepatic hydroxylation to produce toxic secondary bile acids, especially deoxycholic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 on Intestinal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in the Prevention of Cancer, Atherosclerosis and Dysbiosis

et al. 2016

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The effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 on intestinal bacterial enzyme activities -β-glucuronidase (β-GLUCUR), β-galactosidase (β-GAL), and β-glucosidase (β-GLU) in the prevention of cancer, atherosclerosis and dysbiosis was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 12 experimental groups: C (control group), AT (atherosclerotic group), CC (carcinogenic group), and then each group in combination with antibiotics and probiotics individually and each group in double combination on antibiotic and probiotic. In the control group the β-glucuronidase activity did not change throughout the experiment. High fat diet in the atherosclerotic group signifi cantly increased the activity of β-glucuronidase (p<0.001) and β-glucosidase (p<0.01). Azoxymethane application in the carcinogenic group signifi cantly increased β-glucuronidase (p<0.01), but reduced β-glucosidase (p<0.01). Daily application of probiotics individually and in double combination with antibiotics increased the activity of β-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase, and positively decreased the level of β-glucuronidase. In the control antibiotic group β-glucuronidase was signifi cantly increased (p<0.05), and β-glucosidase decreased (p<0.01) which can be caused by a change of microfl ora in favor of coliform bacteria. These fi nding indicate the positive effects of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 which allows its use in disease prevention in human and veterinary medicine.

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Three Measurable and Modifiable Enteric Microbial Biotransformations Relevant to Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Cited by 18 publications

References 154 publications

Microbiome Helper: a Custom and Streamlined Workflow for Microbiome Research

Microbiome Helper: a Custom and Streamlined Workflow for Microbiome Research

Bile acid: a potential inducer of colon cancer stem cells

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 on Intestinal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in the Prevention of Cancer, Atherosclerosis and Dysbiosis

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