Three‐level meta‐analysis of the other‐race bias in facial identification

Lee, Jungwon; Penrod, Steven D.

doi:10.1002/acp.3997

Cited by 12 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Racial stereotypes also affect memory for faces. Black suspects are not only more likely to be misidentified by a White eyewitness due to the own-race bias mentioned earlier (Lee & Penrod, 2022), but Black men with facial features associated with the "criminal Black man" stereotype-such as dark skin, thick lips, and a wide nose-are even more likely to be misidentified than Black men with less stereotypical features (e.g., Knuycky et al, 2014). Kleider-Offutt et al (2017) put this finding to the test in a real-world setting: They asked participants to rate the facial features of Black men who had been wrongfully convicted and later exonerated by the Innocence Project in the United States.…”

Section: Biasmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Not universally sinful: Cultural aspects of memory sins.

Vredeveldt¹,

Bruïne²

2022

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

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The authors have received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 802080). They thank Henry Otgaar for his literature recommendations, Eva van Rosmalen for organizing our literature database, and Laura Weiss and Dylan Drenk for their useful feedback on previous drafts of this article. The authors have no known conflicts of interest to disclose.Annelies Vredeveldt contributed in funding acquisition, played a lead role in writing of original draft and equal role in conceptualization, investigation, and writing of review and editing. Gabi de Bruïne played supporting role in writing of original draft, equal role in conceptualization, investigation, and writing of review and editing.

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Section: Biasmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The chances of recognizing a missing person might also be lower in more ethnically diverse societies (cf. Gier & Kreiner, 2020), since recognition is less likely when the recognizer and target have different ethnicities (known as the own-race bias; Lee & Penrod, 2022).…”

Section: Absentmindednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not universally sinful: Cultural aspects of memory sins.

Vredeveldt¹,

Bruïne²

2022

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

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“…Similarly, witnesses exhibit poorer encoding of faces belonging to people of other races than of their own. With poor encoding of other race faces, witnesses are more likely to make correct identifications of those in their racial ingroups than outgroups and are more likely to mistakenly identify those in their racial outgroups than their ingroups (Katzman & Kovera, 2023; Lee & Penrod, 2022; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). This pattern of effects is known as the own‐race bias in eyewitness identification, and until very recently it is the only variable that researchers have studied in the eyewitness space that has focused on racial differences in identification outcomes.…”

Section: The Big Three: Categories Of Variables That Predict Witness ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the DNA exonerations tracked by the Innocence Project, twice as many Black than White exonerees were misidentified even though only 13% of the US population is Black (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019). Eyewitness scholars have almost exclusively pursued a witness memory failure, known as the own‐race bias in identification accuracy (Lee & Penrod, 2022; Meissner & Brigham, 2001), as an explanation for racial differences in mistaken identification rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of suspect development practices in eyewitness identification accuracy and racial disparities in wrongful conviction

Kovera

2023

Social Issues Policy Review

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This article reviews the three previously studied categories of variables that are related to eyewitness identification accuracy: estimator (characteristics of the witnessing conditions), system (characteristics of the identification procedure that are under the control of the criminal legal system), and reflector (variables that reflect the likely accuracy of a witness). Although eyewitness scholars frequently turn to these variables and models of memory to explain why eyewitnesses make mistakes, none of these variables provides a reasonable explanation for the large racial disparities in wrongful convictions based on mistaken identifications, yet problematic policing practices might. The policies and practices guiding police efforts to develop suspects as well as the decisions of officers to place a suspect at risk of misidentification determine the base‐rate of innocent suspects that appear in identification procedures. Current police practices—from developing suspects based on hunches, through facial recognition technology, or by pressuring reluctant witnesses to make identifications—increase the likelihood that innocent suspects will be placed in lineups. An increase in lineups with innocent suspects increases the ratio of mistaken to correct identifications without changes in witness performance. Requirements for evidence‐based suspicion, video recording identification procedures, and prohibiting coercive interviewing techniques with reluctant witnesses are recommended for reducing the effect of unreliable suspect development methods on eyewitness evidence.

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“…Literature data also suggest that cross-cultural facial perception differs to some extent from that of within-cultural. Numerous studies indicate that there is a positive own-population bias in memory for faces and facial recognition (see meta-analyses: Lee & Penrod, 2022; Meissner & Brigham, 2001), as well as in processing of emotional facial expressions (Elfenbein & Ambady, 2002; Fang et al, 2022). In a number of earlier experiments by other authors, it was revealed that the similarity of facial appearance and social proximity has positive effects on trust (DeBruine, 2002; Dinesen et al, 2020; Farmer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Differences in Perception of Facial Trustworthiness Based on Geometric Morphometric Morphs

Rostovtseva,

Butovskaya,

Mezentseva

et al. 2024

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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We report on an experimental study that explores cross-cultural differences in perception of trustworthiness based on facial traits. In the first part of the experiment, individual male and female neutral photographs of Buryats (Mongolian people of Eastern Siberia) were rated on trustworthiness by men and women from the same population. The trustworthy-looking facial traits were investigated by means of geometric morphometrics, and analysis of the facial action units using artificial neural network (FaceReader). Significant associations between facial traits and perceived trustworthiness were revealed only for male photographs rated by men. Facial shape pattern along trustworthy–untrustworthy vector corresponded to the facial femininity-masculinity vector for Buryats, as well as to the positive-negative vector of the emotional connotation of the neutral facial shape. “Untrustworthy” facial shape was characterized by relatively narrower lower jaw, lower set eyebrows, as well as a lower position of the “Brow Lowerer” facial action unit—a frown. In the second part of the experiment, two geometric morphometric morphs, representing “trustworthy” and “untrustworthy” Buryat male facial shapes, were judged on trustworthiness by male representatives of Buryat, Tuvan (Mongolian people of Southern Siberia), Russian, Indian, and East African (Tanzanians) cultures. The results revealed that in all studied samples the “trustworthy” male portrait was rated significantly higher on trustworthiness than “untrustworthy” one. However, perceived trustworthiness, and agreement of portrait judgments with those of Buryats significantly declined with geographic and genetic distance between populations.

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Three‐level meta‐analysis of the other‐race bias in facial identification

Cited by 12 publications

References 239 publications

Not universally sinful: Cultural aspects of memory sins.

Not universally sinful: Cultural aspects of memory sins.

The role of suspect development practices in eyewitness identification accuracy and racial disparities in wrongful conviction

Cross-Cultural Differences in Perception of Facial Trustworthiness Based on Geometric Morphometric Morphs

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