Three-layered electro-osmosis modulated blood flow through a microchannel

Abstract

Electrokinetic peristaltic multi-layered transport is considered in a micro-channel under the action of an axial electrical field. Three different layers i.e. the core layer, intermediate layer and peripheral layer are simulated with three different viscosities for each fluid layer. The unsteady two-dimensional conservation equations for mass and momentum with electrokinetic body forces, are transformed from the wave frame to the laboratory frame and the electrical field terms are rendered into electrical potential terms via the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, Debye length approximation and ionic Nernst Planck equation. The dimensionless emerging linearized electrokinetic boundary value problem is solved using integral methods. Closed-form expressions are derived for stream functions in the core, intermediate and peripheral layers. Expressions are also derived for the core-intermediate interface shape and the intermediate-peripheral interface shape. Maximum pressures are also computed. To study bolus migration, the range of the trapping limit is also determined in the peripheral layer. It is found that in the core layer larger boluses are computed in the case of lower intermediate layer viscosity relative to peripheral layer viscosity although the number of boluses is greater when the intermediate layer viscosity exceeds the peripheral layer viscosity. Furthermore, in the intermediate layer, stronger concentration of streamlines is computed in the lower half space with positive Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity. Also, negative Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity reduces the core layer (H1) interface shape whereas it enhances the peripheral layer (H) and intermediate layer (H2) shapes. At lower values of volume flow rate ratio, hydromechanical efficiency is maximum for positive Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity whether intermediate layer viscosity is less or greater than peripheral layer viscosity. Finally, greater with greater peristaltic wave amplitude and also for positive Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity there is an increase in time-averaged flow rate, whether intermediate layer viscosity is less or greater than peripheral layer viscosity. The analysis is relevant to electro-kinetic hemodynamics and bio-micro-fluidics.

Porosity effects on the peristaltic flow of biological fluid in a complex wavy channel

“…Such complex phenomena can be used to enhance the performance and efficiency of peristaltic pump. Some dynamic contributions to understand the concept and applications of peristaltic propulsion of numerous fluids through various domains are cited in [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]39]. This study needs to be extended using different non-Newtonian fluids in realistic uses.…”

“…Closedform solutions of the flow equations are obtained subject to appropriate boundary conditions. The electrokinetic multilayered flow of blood through a microchannel was considered by Tripathi et al [32] under the impact of electric field via peristalsis. They have used integral methods to find the closed-form solutions of governing equations in terms of stream function.…”

Microvascular blood flow with heat transfer in a wavy channel having electroosmotic effects

“…To reduce this problem in applications of microfluid, some non-Newtonian fluid models have been presented in literary works for electroosmotic flow. Studying the nonlinear behavior of some biofluids, considered as non-Newtonian, like blood, is very important for designing lab-on-chip devices under influence of the electroosmotic force [20,21]. Power fluids with the nonuniform microchannel [22], Jeffrey fluid with corrugated microchannel [23], Casson fluids with slit microchannel [24], micropolar fluids with microchannel [25], Maxwell fluids with rectangular microchannel [26][27][28], and Nanofluidics channel [29] have been investigated to study characteristics of electroosmotic flow.…”

Electrokinetics with blood

“…Chakraborty was one of the first researchers to show an enhancement in the rate of microfluidic transport through peristaltic tubes by providing axial electric field. [48,49] The idea of combining peristaltic and electroosmotically driven bio-fluids was extended by Tripathi et al [50] with an assumption that electroosmosis of blood can be addressed by employing a three-layer approach. Chakraborty [51] studied the capillary filling process of blood in microchannel with electrokinetic effects, demonstrating the implications of the hematocrit level and varying electric field on the capillary filling process.…”