Three interfaces of the dental implant system and their clinical effects on hard and soft tissues

Abstract

Anatomically, the human tooth has structures both embedded within and forming part of the exterior surface of the human body. When a tooth is lost, it is often replaced by...

Graphene Oxide as a Biocompatible and Osteoinductive Agent to Promote Implant Osseointegration in a Rabbit Tibia Model

“…[ 4 ] To speed up and improve the quality of osseointegration, various treatment methods for the titanium implant surface, such as sandblasting and acid‐etching (SLA), have been investigated. [ 5–7 ] As reported by Buser et al., SLA implants, owing to their roughened surface, showed improved bone responses compared to those with turned surfaces. [ 8 ] However, a rough surface is disadvantageous when exposed above bone level because of peri‐implantitis.…”

“…Therefore, a part of the implant surface had contact with the human gingiva as well as the bone. [ 7 ] BMSCs were used to represent the GO's effect on osteogenesis in in vitro level, and HGFs were selected to evaluate the cytocompatibility of GO in this study because firm gingival attachment to the implant surface is important in the inhibition of inflammatory progression around the implant and of final implant failure. [ 7,45 ] HGFs were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection Inc. (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA, PCS‐201‐018).…”

“…[ 7 ] BMSCs were used to represent the GO's effect on osteogenesis in in vitro level, and HGFs were selected to evaluate the cytocompatibility of GO in this study because firm gingival attachment to the implant surface is important in the inhibition of inflammatory progression around the implant and of final implant failure. [ 7,45 ] HGFs were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection Inc. (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA, PCS‐201‐018). HGFs were maintained in fibroblast basal medium (ATCC, PCS‐201‐030) supplemented with growth kit (ATCC, PCS‐201‐041) containing 5 ng mL −1 rhFGFb, 7.5 m m L‐glutamine, 50 µg mL −1 ascorbic acid, 1 µg mL −1 hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, 5 µg mL −1 rh Insulin, 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 units mL −1 penicillin, 10 µg mL −1 streptomycin, and 25 ng mL −1 amphotericin B (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A5955) at 37 °C under 5% CO 2 unless otherwise stated.…”

“…Currently, in dental clinics, screw‐shaped dental implants with microroughened surface structures, especially SLA surfaces, are widely used to enhance osseointegration. [ 7 ] At the same time, the negative side of SLA surface in the presence of peri‐implantitis is disregarded because SLA surface accelerates bone healing. [ 8,9 ] Because peri‐implantitis frequently occurs in clinical practice, bacteriostatic effects of GO as well as its osteogenic potential may compensate for the limitation of SLA surface in defending against bacterial infection.…”

Inspired by the Periodontium: A Universal Bacteria-Defensive Hydrogel for Preventing Percutaneous Device-Related Infection

“…Taking a dental implant as an example, the frequency of peri-implantitis and soft tissue complications was up to 8.4% over five years and increased with the implantation operation time. , Bacterial adhesion and proliferation followed by biofilm formation cause a hosts’ inflammatory overexpression, which leads to the damage of surrounding tissue and disability of medical devices . A complicated interface composed of medical devices, surrounding tissue, and colonizing bacteria is the main dilemma with which most medical device-related diseases are confronted. − Existing strategies to solve the problem include constructing antifouling coatings on medical devices and/or employing antibacterial agents such as antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, quaternary ammonium salts, etc. − However, tremendous challenges are brought to these strategies by the weak combining strength of coatings, emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and limited efficiency of nonantibiotics antibacterial agents. − Therefore, developing a new kind of strategy that prevents bacterial infection and protects host tissue is an imperative requirement, and it will be beneficial for the long-term usage of various percutaneous devices.…”