Three-Event Energy Detection with Adaptive Threshold for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Systems

Abstract

Implementation of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in cognitive radio (CR) systems requires the unlicensed secondary users (SU) to implement spectrum sensing to monitor the activity of the licensed primary users (PU). Energy detection (ED) is one of the most widely used methods for spectrum sensing in CR systems, and in this paper we present a novel ED algorithm with an adaptive sensing threshold. The three-event ED (3EED) algorithm for spectrum sensing is considered for which an accurate approximation of the optimal decision threshold that minimizes the decision error probability (DEP) is found using Newton’s method with forced convergence in one iteration. The proposed algorithm is analyzed and illustrated with numerical results obtained from simulations that closely match the theoretical results and show that it outperforms the conventional ED (CED) algorithm for spectrum sensing.

A Survey on the Energy Detection of OFDM Signals with Dynamic Threshold Adaptation: Open Issues and Future Challenges

“…Recent research attempts have been dedicated to finding the optimal detection threshold for SS based on ED ( Table 1 ) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In Ref.…”

“…A three-event ED algorithm based on optimal DT adjustment was proposed in Ref. [ 37 ]. The proposed algorithm minimizes in one iteration the probability of ED error based on Newton’s method with forced convergence [ 37 ].…”

“…[ 37 ]. The proposed algorithm minimizes in one iteration the probability of ED error based on Newton’s method with forced convergence [ 37 ]. The developed method was analysed through simulations and results showed that the proposed method outperformed the conventional ED method.…”

“…The ED approach with DT adaptation and without the impact of NU variations [8,10,11,13,37] Analyses of ED performance based on the selection of the appropriate value of the DT Somewhat improved detection probability of ED method due to exploitation of DT adaptation but less realistic due to neglecting the impact of NU variations…”

Drone Detection and Defense Systems: Survey and a Software-Defined Radio-Based Solution

“…For the imp tation of the spectrum sensing process in the DronEnd system, spectrum sensin rithms based on the energy detection method have been used. Algorithms, such a [174] and 3EED with an adaptive threshold [175], that were previously develope vide improved performance compared to the classical energy detection (CED) [17 rithm and were used to identify the presence of the drones in the monitored ar above-mentioned algorithms were implemented on SDR platforms from the USRP (USRP X310 (Ettus Research, Santa Clara, CA, USA) [177] equipped with Twin In the following subsections, all of the elements of the system will be detailed, highlighting the steps that are necessary in order to perform the functions of detection, localization, and annihilation of the drone through jamming.…”