“…To address these challenges and encourage engineers to take their responsibilities to heart, engineering programmes need to familiarise students early with the features of a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous) problem, that requires a mix of socio-technical skills. Such ill-structured learning activities [43,45] can offer students a deeper exposure to ethics and enhance their motivation to engage with ethical topics ( [27,28,32,[39][40][41]). They can also contribute to students' awareness of the varied ethical situations they might encounter in their practice or the type of responsibilities they can take on in their profession [29].…”