Three discrete classes of Arabidopsis cyclins are expressed during different intervals of the cell cycle.

Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio; Hemerly, Adriana S.; Engler, Janice de Almeida; Bergounioux, Catherine; Burssens, Sylvia; Montagu, Marc Van; Engler, Gilbert; Inzé, Dirk

doi:10.1073/pnas.91.24.11313

Cited by 104 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…3). Multiple A-type cyclins have also been identified in other plant species, although less extensively than in tobacco (15,18,22,23). Thus, the presence of multiple A-type cyclins in one single species seems to be a general feature in plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple A-type cyclins express sequentially during the cell cycle in Nicotiana tabacum BY2 cells

Reichheld

Chaubet

Shen

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

100

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Four full-length and one partial cDNA clones encoding four different A-type cyclins were isolated from a tobacco S-phase-specific library. The corresponding mRNAs displayed sequential appearance and disappearance during the cell cycle of highly synchronized suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Sequence analysis showed that the plant A-type cyclins can be subdivided into three distinct structural groups that are likely to be represented in every plant species. Two of the isolated tobacco cyclins belonging to the same group were highly expressed throughout S and G 2 phases but showed different kinetics of induction at the G 1 ͞S transition. Another one belonging to a second group was induced at mid-S phase and expressed until mid-M phase. A similar expression pattern was previously reported for a tobacco cyclin belonging to the third group. This sequential expression of multiple A-type cyclins in one type of plant cells makes a clear distinction from the situation in animal cells in which only one A-type cyclin exists in a given species. Furthermore, the expression of the different A-type cyclin genes responded differently upon a block at mid-S phase by DNA synthesis inhibitors. These results suggest that the multiple A-type cyclins act at different steps of the plant cell cycle and, therefore, exert distinct functions. In contrast, the expression of B-type cyclins was restricted to a narrow window corresponding to the M phase.Our knowledge of the eukaryotic cell cycle has progressed considerably during the last few years, by the finding that protein kinases play a central role in the cell cycle. The activity of the protein kinases depends on the association between a cyclin-dependent serine͞threonine kinase (cdk) as the catalytic moiety and a cyclin as a regulatory subunit. The activity of the complexes is further regulated through phosphorylation͞dephosphorylation mechanisms and binding to inhibitors (1). In animal cells, distinct cdks associating sequentially with different cyclins determine the substrate specificity of the complexes and monitor the cell cycle transitions at the G 1 ͞S and G 2 ͞M major checkpoints (2, 3). These sequential associations result from stage-specific synthesis and degradation of the cyclins while the catalytic subunit is present throughout the cell cycle. The animal cyclins have been subdivided into mitotic (A-and B-type) and G 1 (C-, D-, and E-type) cyclins according to sequence homologies and expression patterns. While the G 1 cyclins are involved in progression through G 1 phase and at the G 1 ͞S transition, the mitotic A-and B-type cyclins are essential in progression through G 2 phase and at the G 2 ͞M transition. In addition, the A-type cyclin has also been shown to play essential functions in DNA replication during S phase (4-6).It has been recently shown that the basic components of the cell cycle machinery are similar in plants and animals (7). cdk-like cDNAs and genes have been isolated from several mono-and dicotyledonous plants and shown to share about 60% sequence ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple A-type cyclins express sequentially during the cell cycle in Nicotiana tabacum BY2 cells

Reichheld

Chaubet

Shen

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

100

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“…To visualize cell cycle activity in the pericycle, we used the well-characterized marker line for active cell division, CYCB1;1 :: uidA , whose promoter activity also correlates well with the corresponding mRNA localization (Ferreira et al, 1994a(Ferreira et al, , 1994b. In Arabidopsis, the first lateral root primordium is initiated ‫ف‬ 36 h after germination and is positioned in the basal half of the root (Figures 1A and 1B).…”

Section: Induction Of Lateral Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-Mediated Cell Cycle Activation during Early Lateral Root Initiation

et al. 2002

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Lateral root formation can be divided into two major phases: pericycle activation and meristem establishment. In Arabidopsis, the first lateral root initiation event is spatially and temporally asynchronous and involves a limited number of cells in the xylem pericycle. To study the molecular regulation during pericycle activation, we developed a lateral rootinducible system. Successive treatments with an auxin transport inhibitor and exogenous auxin were used to prevent the first formative divisions and then to activate the entire pericycle. Our morphological and molecular data show that, in this inducible system, xylem pericycle activation was synchronized and enhanced to cover the entire length of the root. The results also indicate that the inducible system can be considered a novel in planta system for the study of synchronized cell cycle reactivation. In addition, the expression patterns of Kip-Related Protein2 ( KRP2 ) in the pericycle and its ectopic expression data revealed that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor plays a significant role in the regulation of lateral root initiation. KRP2 appears to regulate early lateral root initiation by blocking the G1-to-S transition and to be regulated transcriptionally by auxin.

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“…Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh., ecotype "Columbia" (Col-0) carrying a CycB1:GUS reporter gene construction (Ferreira et al 1994), kindly supplied by Dr. E. Carnero-Diaz (UPMC, Paris, France), which had been stored for at least two days at 4…”

Section: Hypergravity Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hypergravity Environment Induced by Centrifugation Alters Plant Cell Proliferation and Growth in an Opposite Way to Microgravity

Manzano

Herranz

Loon

et al. 2012

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed to hypergravity environments (2g and 6g) and germinated during centrifugation. Seedlings grew for 2 and 4 days before fixation. In all cases, comparisons were performed against an internal (subjected to rotational vibrations and other factors of the machine) and an external control at 1g. On seedlings grown in hypergravity the total length and the root length were measured. The cortical root meristematic cells were analyzed to investigate the alterations in cell proliferation, which were quantified by counting the number of cells per millimeter in the specific cell files, and cell growth, which were appraised through the rate of ribosome biogenesis, assessed by morphological and morphometrical parameters of the nucleolus. The expression of cyclin B1, a key regulator of entry in mitosis, was assessed by the use of a CYCB1:GUS genetic construction. The results showed significant differences in some of these parameters when comparing the 1g internal rotational control with the 1g external control, indicating that the machine by itself was a source of alterations. When the effect of hypergravity was isolated from other environmental factors, by comparing the experimental conditions with the rotational control, cell proliferation appeared depleted, cell growth was increased and there was an enhanced expression of cyclin B1. The functional meaning of these effects is that cell proliferation and cell growth, which are strictly associated functions under normal 1g ground conditions, are uncoupled under hypergravity. This uncoupling was also described by us in previous experiments as an effect of microgravity, but in an opposite way. Furthermore, root meristems appear thicker in hypergravity-treated than in control samples, which can be related to changes in the cell wall induced by altered gravity.

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Three discrete classes of Arabidopsis cyclins are expressed during different intervals of the cell cycle.

Cited by 104 publications

References 52 publications

Multiple A-type cyclins express sequentially during the cell cycle in Nicotiana tabacum BY2 cells

Multiple A-type cyclins express sequentially during the cell cycle in Nicotiana tabacum BY2 cells

Auxin-Mediated Cell Cycle Activation during Early Lateral Root Initiation

A Hypergravity Environment Induced by Centrifugation Alters Plant Cell Proliferation and Growth in an Opposite Way to Microgravity

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