“…These data, supplementing the results from previous studies, 9,10 may explain some unexpected lymphoscintigraphy findings seen clinically. [11][12][13] Lymphatico-venous anastomoses, [16][17][18][19][20] lymphatic vessel grafting, 21,22 , and free flap tissue transfer using lymph nodes 23,24 have all been performed to treat secondary lymphedema in the lower limb. Accurate anatomical understanding of the lymphatic routes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]25,26 involved may assist in the preoperative preparation and intraoperative management of these patients, thus affecting their postoperative outcome.…”