Three-dimensional US of the fetus. Work in progress.

Kelly, Ian; Gardener, J. E.; Brett, Alan; Richards, Robert J.; Lees, W. R.

doi:10.1148/radiology.192.1.8208948

Cited by 55 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…macroscopic fetal structures seen at autopsy are clearly depicted. The 3D image quality obtained from this study and our previous fetal cardiac study [14] is much higher than that obtained from 3D ultrasound studies on live fetuses [16][17][18][19]. This is due to the absence of motion artefact caused by fetal and maternal movement and cardiac pulsation and blood flow, apart from the higher intrinsic tissue contrast of the imaging modality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Postmortem Fetus by MRI: Early Experience

Brookes¹,

Deng

Wilkinson

et al. 1999

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Objective: The feasibility and significance of three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the postmortem fetus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated. Methods: 3D reconstruction of sectional MRI data sets from 8 postmortem fetuses was performed. Results: Fetal configurations and internal structures, both normal and pathological, were clearly demonstrated by 3D display. Conclusion: This new technique provides high quality fetal 3D images for postmortem morphological diagnosis and interactive visual teaching. It may eventually have applications in prenatal diagnosis and the preoperative simulation of fetal surgery.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Postmortem Fetus by MRI: Early Experience

Brookes¹,

Deng

Wilkinson

et al. 1999

Fetal Diagn Ther

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“…Another study by Merz et al 17 showed that just adding the simple 3D orthogonal image provided a diagnostic gain of 46.2%, and the combined 3D display provided a diagnostic gain of 71.5%. Kelly et al 18 concluded that 3D ultrasonography of the fetus allows complete anatomic study and visualization of detail that is difficult to perceive on conventional 2D scans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of three‐dimensional fetal brain volumes.

Endres

Cohen

2001

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objective. To determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability in calculating three-dimensional fetal brain volumes and to examine the relationship between these volumes and biparietal diameter and head circumference measurements and estimated gestational age. Methods. Eighty-five subjects between 16 and 40 completed weeks' gestation participated in the Institutional Review Board-approved study. Fetal head images were obtained axially and stored on a magnetic optical disk. The fetal brain volumes were calculated in triplicate by each of 2 observers using 8 to 10 coronal cuts. The coefficient of variation was determined for both physicians. Pearson correlations and linear regression were used to evaluate the relationship between three-dimensional head volume and standard biparietal diameter and head circumference measurements and estimated gestational age. Results. The coefficients of variation were low for both investigators, at 2.04% and 2.44%. The correlations between fetal brain volumes and biparietal diameter, head circumference, and estimated gestational age were all highly significant (P < .001). The linear regression of brain volumes with estimated gestational age was also highly significant (P < .001). Conclusions. Three-dimensional fetal brain volume measurements had excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The volumes correlated very well with standard biparietal diameter and head circumference measurements. These volumes can also be used to determine estimated gestational age. Key words: fetal brain volumes; three-dimensional ultrasonography; estimated gestational age; biparietal diameter; head circumference. Abbreviations BPD, biparietal diameter; EGA, estimated gestational age; HC, head circumference; 3D, three-dimensional; 2D, two-dimensional hree-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography improves imaging of the fetal brain. Images of the corpus callosum, septum pellucidum, third and fourth ventricles, and other anatomic structures are easily obtainable compared with standard two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography.1 With 3D ultrasonography, it is possible to examine all 3 orthogonal planes and to scan the fetal head through parallel sections. There is also a marker dot that is in the same position in all views that enables precise evaluation of anatomic and pathologic characteristics. 2-4Three-dimensional ultrasonography also enables volume calculation. Studies have shown that 3D ultrasonographic in vitro volume estimation is accurate. 5,6 To date, volumes of the placenta and fetal liver have been used to diagnose fetal growth restriction. 7,8 Volumes of the fetal thigh, abdomen, and upper arm have been integrated into formulas for birth weight prediction. [9][10][11][12] Although the fetal brain has been studied extensively for anatomic structure by 3D ultrasonography, brain volumes have not been previously evaluated.

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“…For the purpose of this study we've focused primarily on a data flow in a typical obstetrics US scan, performed in B-Mode, with spatial resolution of 256×256, maintaining a contrast resolution of 8 bits (256 shades of gray). In such a study, the raw data required for the reconstruction is acquired by driving the transducer in a rectilinear, uniform direction with constant speed [13], [14]. The number of slices acquired depends on the specific application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Network, Wireless and Cloud Computing Enabled 3-D Ultrasound; a New Medical Technology Paradigm

Meir

Rubinsky²

2009

PLoS ONE

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Medical technologies are indispensable to modern medicine. However, they have become exceedingly expensive and complex and are not available to the economically disadvantaged majority of the world population in underdeveloped as well as developed parts of the world. For example, according to the World Health Organization about two thirds of the world population does not have access to medical imaging. In this paper we introduce a new medical technology paradigm centered on wireless technology and cloud computing that was designed to overcome the problems of increasing health technology costs. We demonstrate the value of the concept with an example; the design of a wireless, distributed network and central (cloud) computing enabled three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound system. Specifically, we demonstrate the feasibility of producing a 3-D high end ultrasound scan at a central computing facility using the raw data acquired at the remote patient site with an inexpensive low end ultrasound transducer designed for 2-D, through a mobile device and wireless connection link between them. Producing high-end 3D ultrasound images with simple low-end transducers reduces the cost of imaging by orders of magnitude. It also removes the requirement of having a highly trained imaging expert at the patient site, since the need for hand-eye coordination and the ability to reconstruct a 3-D mental image from 2-D scans, which is a necessity for high quality ultrasound imaging, is eliminated. This could enable relatively untrained medical workers in developing nations to administer imaging and a more accurate diagnosis, effectively saving the lives of people.

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Three-dimensional US of the fetus. Work in progress.

Abstract: The technique has the potential for recording complete anatomic studies for review and visualization of detail that is difficult to perceive on conventional US scans.

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Postmortem Fetus by MRI: Early Experience

Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Postmortem Fetus by MRI: Early Experience

Reliability and validity of three‐dimensional fetal brain volumes.

Distributed Network, Wireless and Cloud Computing Enabled 3-D Ultrasound; a New Medical Technology Paradigm

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