Three-dimensional urchin-like N/S co-doped Mn-based metal-organic frameworks for efficiently enabling oxygen reduction reaction

Recent Progress and Prospects of Manganese–Nitrogen–Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…In general, the number and type of coordination atoms are usually adjusted by heteroatoms of the first nearest neighbor coordination. , However, the coordination of Mn–N x is affected by the first and second nearest neighbor coordination atoms. , While the coordination strength of the second nearest neighbor coordination atoms typically tends to be lower than that of the first nearest neighbor coordinating atoms, their effect on catalytic performance cannot be disregarded. , In addition to the change in the coordination number of nitrogen atoms, the introduction of nonmetal atoms onto carbon substrate can also influence the electrical arrangement of Mn–N x active sites through long-range regulation. , For instance, doping S atoms in the carbon substrate and using various push–pull electron interactions can alter the charge distribution around the active site of Mn–N 4 , thus affecting the intensity of its interaction with O species and enhancing ORR performances of Mn–N–C catalysts …”

“…59,155 In addition to the change in the coordination number of nitrogen atoms, the introduction of nonmetal atoms onto carbon substrate can also influence the electrical arrangement of Mn−N x active sites through longrange regulation. 77,80 For instance, doping S atoms in the carbon substrate and using various push−pull electron interactions can alter the charge distribution around the active site of Mn−N 4 , thus affecting the intensity of its interaction with O species and enhancing ORR performances of Mn−N− C catalysts. 78 Shang et al 77 The potential of heteroatoms to disrupt the planar symmetry of electron density in Mn−N x , can effectively control the electron distribution of the active sites of Mn and greatly improve catalytic performance.…”