Three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging and measurement of nasal bone length, prenasal thickness and frontomaxillary facial angle in normal second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses

Vos, F. I.; Jong-Pleij, E. A. P. de; Ribbert, L. S. M.; Tromp, Ellen; Bilardo, C. M.

doi:10.1002/uog.10058

Cited by 36 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…This finding may be due to the relatively small sample size however it is consistent with the findings of a number of studies, three between 11 and 14 weeks [10,16,17] and another in the second and third trimester [18] all of which have cohorts of over 200 patients. This differs from the conclusions of several earlier studies [15,17,19,20] possibly due to inclusion of the frontal process of the maxillary bone for optimal caliper placement in more recent studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Accurate and reliable FMFA measurement in both 2D and 3D imaging modes is possible by concentrating on appropriate training and strict adherence to rigorous imaging criteria [14,18]. A successful 2D and 3D FMFA measurement training program would require the development of appropriate auditable standards, possibly including statistical analysis of the 95% limits of agreement between trainees and experienced operators as well as assessing the distribution and spread of an individual's FMFA measurements, before competency could be established [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement at 11-14 Weeks: Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement in 2D and 3D Imaging

et al. 2013

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Introduction: The primary aim of this study was to assess the interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of the first-trimester frontomaxillary facial angle (FMFA) measurement using both 2D and 3D ultrasound. Assessment of the relationship between crown-to-rump length (CRL) and FMFA measurement was also reviewed. Materials and Methods: Two experienced operators imaged the same 30 patients over a 1-month period collecting both 2D static images and 3D volumes during nuchal translucency assessment at 11-14 weeks' gestation. The operators were blinded to each other's images and results. Results: The mean 2D FMFA measurement was 88.0° and 88.4° for observer 1 and 2, respectively; while the mean 3D FMFA measurement was 87.8° and 88.0°, respectively. Intraclass correlation suggests good intraobserver and interobserver agreement with no statistically significant difference between operators in either 2D (p = 0.14) or 3D (p = 0.11) measurements. The FMFA was unchanged with increasing CRL. Discussion: Both 2D and 3D FMFA measurements have been demonstrated to be equivalent and reliable. Strict image acquisition criteria must be followed for accurate and reproducible FMFA measurements. There was no change demonstrated in FMFA measurement with increasing CRL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement at 11-14 Weeks: Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement in 2D and 3D Imaging

et al. 2013

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“…16 Many researchers have reported in the literature that nasal bone length increased in parallel with the gestational age. [15][16][17] In present study, nasal bone length was detected as 8.30±2.20mm in male fetuses and as 7.97±1.53mm in female fetuses. The difference between the literature and our study was originated from gestational age difference.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

An assessment of nasal and orbital parameters in human fetuses

et al. 2017

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Background: Nasal bone aplasia and hypoplasia have been reported on fetuses with aneuploidy. Trisomy 21 is one of the most common chromosomal abnormality detected in new-borns. The purpose of our study is to obtain data of some face parameters in Turkish fetal population and to contribute creation of reference ranges that may be used for prenatal diagnosis.Methods: This study was performed in 66 spontaneously aborted fetuses (47 second trimester and 19 third trimester) (28 male and 38 female) with no detectable external pathology or anomalies. Measurements were designed as nasal bone length (NBL), nose length (NL), nose width (NW), nostril width (NsW), intraocular distance (IOD), innercanthal distance (ICD), outercanthal distance (OCD), orbital diameter (OD), biparietal diameter (BPD).Results: In comparison between genders, ICD and BPD averages were found significantly higher in male fetuses than female fetuses (P<0.05). There was not any statistically significant difference between averages of the values on the right and left. The difference between second and the third trimester was significant in terms of all parameters (P<0.05). A strong correlation was detected between gestational age and our parameters.Conclusions: Present study has contributed to create reference ranges of Turkish community. When importance of early diagnosis is considered, we believe that this data will be useful for clinicians.

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“…Data were compared with the reference values derived from our previous reports on euploid fetuses [14,19] or compared with reference values derived from the literature [8,9,22,23]; the NBL and PT increased with gestation from 3.3 mm at 15 weeks' gestation to 9.6 mm at 33 weeks (NBL = -6.927+(0.83*GA)-(0.01*GA 2 )) and from 2.3 mm at 15 weeks to 6.1 mm at 33 weeks (PT = 0.212 × GA − 0.873), respectively. The PT-NBL ratio and PFSR were stable throughout gestation, with a mean of 0.61 (95th centile = 0.80) and 0.97 (5th centile = 0.55), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, we have demonstrated that the NBL, PT, PT-NBL ratio, and PFSR are valuable and reproducible DS markers [13,14,19] and assessed the detection rates, which appear to be evenly distributed throughout the second and third trimester. However, these studies were based on cross-sectional measurements in both normal and DS fetuses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Serial Measurements of Ultrasound Markers in Second and Third Trimester Down Syndrome Fetuses

Vos

Jong-Pleij

Bakker³

et al. 2015

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Objectives: To evaluate trends of nasal bone length (NBL), prenasal thickness (PT), nuchal fold (NF), prenasal thickness to nasal bone length (PT-NBL) ratio, and prefrontal space ratio (PFSR), measured serially in second- and third-trimester Down syndrome (DS) fetuses. Methods: Prenatal databases were searched for cases of continuing DS pregnancies with serial measurements, taken at least two weeks apart. Trends were plotted on previously reported normal ranges. Results: Serial measurements were available in 25 Down syndrome fetuses. Median gestational age (GA) was 25 weeks; average number of visits per case was 2.44, with a median interval of 39 days between investigations. In DS fetuses, NBL and PT showed fairly stable trends with gestation. PFSR, but especially NF, had a more unpredictable trend. The PT-NBL ratio was the most stable marker, remaining unchanged in 95% of cases. NBL, PT, and NF showed more deviance from the normal range with advancing gestation, but MoM values remained stable. All but two fetuses had ultrasound markers or structural anomalies, especially heart defects. Conclusions: The PT-NBL ratio is the most constant DS marker throughout gestation, following a predictable trend.

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Three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging and measurement of nasal bone length, prenasal thickness and frontomaxillary facial angle in normal second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses

Abstract: Objectives To assess the feasibility of nasal bone length (NBL), prenasal thickness (PT) and frontomaxillary facial (FMF)

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement at 11-14 Weeks: Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement in 2D and 3D Imaging

Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement at 11-14 Weeks: Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement in 2D and 3D Imaging

An assessment of nasal and orbital parameters in human fetuses

Trends in Serial Measurements of Ultrasound Markers in Second and Third Trimester Down Syndrome Fetuses

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