Three-dimensional, transient, nonisothermal model of all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Oh, Kyeongmin; Yoo, Haneul; Ko, Johan; Won, Seongyeon; Ju, Hyunchul

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.020

Cited by 104 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(27), this leads to a low activation overpotential at the oxygen-rich area (electrolyte inlet). Although the oxygen concentration in this area is high, the combined effect produces a smaller reaction rate.…”

Section: Parametric Studymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was later developed to include thermal effects, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution [24][25][26]. Recent advancements in flow battery modeling include multi-dimensional models [27] and stack scale models [28]. Brunini et al (2012) developed a 3D model for the aforementioned semi-solid lithium ion flow battery [2], from which it was concluded that a weak dependence of cell voltage on the state of charge would result in uniform current density distribution and higher energy efficiency [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

Huang

Faghri

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Parametric Studymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

Huang

Faghri

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…The same group later expanded the model and simulated the effect of parasitic reactions including hydrogen and oxygen evolution. 40,41 The model developed by Vynnycky 42 was based on the asymptotic analysis that offered a significant simplification of the model already developed by Shah et al The first 3-D model was developed by Ma et al 43 and further analyzed in greater depth by Xu et al, 44,45 Oh et al 46 and Wang et al 47 The modeling of species crossover through the ion-exchange membrane originated with the work of Skyllas-Kazacos and co-workers 48,49 in which they modeled the species crossover considering diffusion as the only mechanism for crossover. Knehr et al simulated the crossover rate of active species through the membrane using a model based on dilute solution approximation.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Potential Distribution Measurement and Validated Model for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Gandomi

Aaron

Zawodzinski

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

100

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An in situ, local potential measurement technique was further developed and applied to all-vanadium redox flow batteries to determine the potential distribution within multilayer electrodes of the battery. Micro-scale potential probes enabled in situ measurement of local potential in electrode layers between the cell flow field and membrane. The local redox potentials were recorded for different operating conditions and states of charges. To further analyze the behavior of potential distribution in the through-plane direction, a mathematical model was developed and the species distribution as well as the flux density of any individual component was modeled in terms of contributions from convective, diffusive and electrophoretic fluxes at each operating condition. Good agreement was achieved between the mathematical model prediction and experimental data with maximum error of 8%. Both mathematical simulation and experimental data confirmed the distribution of potential in the through plane direction as a function of discharge current density, predicting the lowest potential in a region close to the flow plate. Redox flow batteries have many benefits including energy efficiency, capital cost, and life cycle costs compared with other gridscale energy storage technologies.1 Multiple chemistries have been developed for redox flow batteries such as iron-chromium, 2 allvanadium, 3 bromine-polysulfide 4 and zinc-bromine. 5 Among these many chemistries, the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has been studied in great detail and is relatively mature with several fullsize systems in operation around the world. The VRFB employs the V (I I )/V (I I I ) redox couple at the negative side and the V (I V )/V (V ) redox couple at the positive side, in the form of V O 2+ and V O + 2 . The kinetics associated with reduction and oxidation of vanadium species are known to be very complex 6,7 In this paper, the following simplified set of global half-reactions are adopted for the negative and positive electrodes.One advantage of VRFBs is that in utilizing the same element, vanadium, as active species in both negative and positive electrolytes, crossover of active species does not foul the electrolyte, and results only in decreased coulombic efficiency. Storage capacity can be regained through electrolyte rebalancing. The VRFB also has a wide operating temperature range from −5 • C to 50• C 8 and fast response (around 350 μs) for start-up and switching between charging and discharging processes, using a sulfuric and hydrochloric acid mixture. 9Cost is still the major barrier to VRFB commercialization. Zhang et al.10 estimated that the cell stack is one of the highest cost components with 31% of capital cost from a base case VRFB. One way to decrease the stack cost is to increase the power density of the VRFB during charge-discharge cycles, allowing for smaller stacks for the same power.11 In order to achieve high power density, the cells should operate at high current density with decreased polarization losses (activation, ohmic an...

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“…In many aspects, most of the VRFB models reported to date [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] solve the full set of transport equations numerically without analyzing them qualitatively first, in order to determine whether simplifications might be justified. Only Vynnycky [16] has analyzed the transport phenomena in a VRFB where scale analysis and asymptotic reductions were employed to reduce the complexity of the governing equations and, therefore, their computational cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the concentration in the electrolyte tanks or the inlet concentration to the flow battery changes with time during charge/discharge, transient models [1,2,4,5,7,16,[9][10][11]13,15] are required to capture the dynamic features of VRFB operation. A useful model reduction would be quasi-steady state operation to convert the transient model to one that is steady state in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%