Three-dimensional structure of human voltage-gated ion channel Kv10.2 studied by electron microscopy of macromolecules and molecular modeling

Molecular structure and the dynamics of the functioning of conformationally mobile systems

“…In this case, the energy of hydration with four water molecules is compensated in the channel by the energy of interaction of the cation with partially negatively charged carbonyl group oxy gens. The same principles are operative in other chan nels we studied [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. By mutations in the interior of the channel, it is possible to significantly change the selectivity of its functioning and even transform an cationic into an anionic channel, and vice versa.…”

“…Along with record achievements, modern super computers enable to solve scientific problems related to the dynamics of functional processes [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In particular, it is the operation of ion channels.…”

Domain Structure and Conformational Changes in rat KV2.1 ion Channel

“…4b, black arrows). The characteristic two-layer architecture is common in a large number of tetrameric ion channels, not only of eukaryotic (Kim et al 2004;Sokolova et al 2001Sokolova et al , 2012Orlova et al 2003;Ludtke et al 2011), but also prokaryotic (Uysal et al 2009) origin. It is called a 'hanging gondola' and allows the large N-terminal inactivation peptide to reach the inner pore of the channel for inactivation (Kobertz et al 2000).…”

“…Since the Kv2.1 channel does not have an inactivation peptide (Adair et al 2008), these 'windows' do not need to serve as controlling filters for the inactivation peptide to access the pore (Gulbis et al 2000). Therefore the size of the 'windows' is not substantial, comparing to other Kv channels (Kim et al 2004;Sokolova et al 2012).…”

“…The Kv2.1ΔC completely lacks its C-terminus, therefore the cytoplasmic part represents only the N-terminal T1 domain. Unlike the low resolution reconstructions of other Kv channels (Sokolova et al 2001(Sokolova et al , 2003(Sokolova et al , 2012Orlova et al 2003;Kim et al 2004) the 3D reconstruction of the Kv2.1ΔC lacks the distinct 'windows' between the membraneembedded and the T1 domains, which was thought to be the characteristic feature of all Kv channels. It should be noted that the published 3D reconstruction of the fulllength Kv2.1 channel at 2.5 nm resolution (Adair et al 2008) also lacks the 'windows', in agreement with our present structure.…”