Three-Dimensional Spatial Distributions of Pt Catalyst Nanoparticles on Carbon Substrates in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Iwamoto, Toshihiko; Matsuwaki, Ukyo; Otsuka, Yuji; Hatta, Masahiro; Hayakawa, Katsuichiro; Matsutani, Koichi; Tada, Tomofumi; Jinnai, Hiroshi

doi:10.5796/electrochemistry.79.374

Cited by 64 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The morphology and properties of carbon play a critical role in determining the performance and stability of the catalyst [35][36][37][38][39]. Some popular carbons such as KetjenBlack (KB) possess a large number of internal micropores within its carbon particles, making it possible to achieve good Pt particle dispersion and thus high Pt surface area [40,41]. Figure 4 shows a transmission electron micrograph of a Pt/KB catalyst.…”

Section: Pem Fuel Cell Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Low-Pt Content

Kongkanand¹,

Gu²,

Mathias

2017

Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Widespread commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) relies on further reduction of PGM (platinum group metals) usage. Although enhancements in the activity and stability of the catalyst are necessary, those alone are insufficient. In a fuel cell with low PGM content, transport of reactants (oxygen and protons) to a small area of catalyst can cause large performance loss at high power. Because it is this high-power point that determines the required fuel cell area, these losses drive up the size, and thus the cost, of the fuel cell stack. This entry discusses fuel cell cost reduction with special focus on the challenges and opportunity associated with Pt reduction. Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Low-Pt Content, Fig. 1 Impact of fuel cell vehicles on Pt consumption (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [7].

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Section: Pem Fuel Cell Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Low-Pt Content

Kongkanand¹,

Gu²,

Mathias

2017

Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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“…The catalyst layer is a multiscale component, that is, a microscale porous electrode consisting of nanoscale materials, at which an electrochemical reaction and mass transport occur simultaneously. The micro‐ and nanostructures of catalyst layers have been gradually revealed by means of characterization techniques that have progressed recently, such as electron microscopy . However, from an industrial design aspect, it is still necessary to characterize the microstructure and the properties of catalyst layers as average values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Microstructure Formation Process and Its Influence on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel‐Cell Catalyst Layers

et al. 2015

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To understand the formation process of the microstructure of the catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), we tried to observe the “real” structure of the catalyst ink by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐SEM). Catalyst inks with different water/alcohol compositions were successfully visualized, and they correlated well with the particle‐size distribution obtained by laser diffraction of the ink and the structures of the catalyst layers obtained by typical SEM. On the basis of other electrochemical characterization results, including current–voltage performance, oxygen reduction reaction kinetics, and mass‐transport properties, the microstructures of the catalyst inks and the catalyst layers were proposed. The proposed microstructures can explain the relationship between the catalyst materials and the performance of the cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly through its formation and apparent properties. It was also found that the microstructure of the catalyst ink plays an important role in performance.

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“…Electrochemical deposition and polishing methods provide polyhedral nanoparticles [11][12][13]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the powerful methods for the study of the morphology of Pt nanoparticles [14,15]. However, TEM is an ex situ measurement that needs high vacuum; the in situ measurement of the dissolution cannot be done with the use of TEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%