Three-dimensional sonographic reconstruction: techniques and diagnostic applications.

Rankin, Richard N.; Fenster, Aaron; Downey, Dónal B.; Munk, Peter L.; Levin, M F; Vellet, A D

doi:10.2214/ajr.161.4.8372741

Cited by 123 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…MRI (Roberts, 1995 ;Thorpe et al 1998) and 3D ultrasound (Rankin et al 1993 ;Fenster & Downey, 2000) studies may well provide such internal structural data in the living, in the future.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing human skeletal muscle architectural parameters of cadavers with in vivo ultrasonographic measurements

et al. 2001

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The purpose of this study was to document and compare the architectural parameters (fibre bundle length, angle of pennation) of human skeletal muscle in cadaveric specimens and live subjects. The medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius, and posterior (PS) and anterior (AS) soleus were examined bilaterally in 5 cadavers (mean age 72n6, range 65-83 y) and 9 live subjects (mean age 76n3, range 70-92 y). Data were obtained from direct measurement of cadaveric specimens and from ultrasonographic scans of the live subjects. In cadaveric muscle, fibre bundles were isolated ; their length was measured in millimetres and pennation angles were recorded in degrees. In live muscle, similar measurements were taken from ultrasonographic scans of relaxed and contracted muscle. For the scans of relaxed muscle, subjects were positioned prone with the foot at a 90m angle to the leg, and for scans of contracted muscle, subjects were asked to sustain full plantarflexion during the scanning process. Fibre bundle length and angle of pennation were compared at matched locations in both groups. It was found that the relationship between cadaveric and in vivo values for fibre length and angle of pennation varied between muscle parts. The cadaveric architectural parameters did not tend to lie consistently towards either extreme of relaxation or contraction. Rather, within MG, PS and AS, cadaveric fibre bundle lengths lay between those for relaxed and contracted in vivo muscle. Similarly both the anterior and posterior cadaveric fibre angles of pennation lay between the in vivo values within LG and PS. In summary, architectural characteristics of cadaveric muscle differ from both relaxed and contracted in vivo muscle. Therefore, when developing models of skeletal muscle based on cadaveric studies, the architectural differences between live and cadaveric tissue should be taken into consideration.

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“…MRI (Roberts, 1995 ;Thorpe et al 1998) and 3D ultrasound (Rankin et al 1993 ;Fenster & Downey, 2000) studies may well provide such internal structural data in the living, in the future.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing human skeletal muscle architectural parameters of cadavers with in vivo ultrasonographic measurements

et al. 2001

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“…This is currently limited more by processing than acoustics, which is the ultimate limit. High rates of acquisition (between 10-60 images per second) [152] can allow imaging within a single breath hold, greatly increasing modelling accuracy in organs which move with inspiration and expiration. This also allows the study of organ motion itself; much of the development of 3D ultrasound has been targeted towards such studies of the heart.…”

Section: Why 3d Ultrasound?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The reconstruction of 3D ultrasound by computer brings greater standardisation and repeatability to conventional examinations [152], which are otherwise quite subjective [57]. It may provide a better point of reference for discussing diagnosis than a conventional 2D hard copy.…”

Section: Why 3d Ultrasound?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Measurement in Sequential Freehand 3-D Ultrasound

Treece

Prager

Gee

et al. 1999

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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SummaryThree-dimensional (3D) acquisition and visualisation techniques are increasingly being incorporated into commercial ultrasound scanners. The diagnostic benefit of such techniques is not yet convincing, compared to the added inconvenience of using them. Although it is straightforward to use special probes to acquire 3D data, these are more restrictive than conventional 2D probes. The only 3D technique which retains the scanning flexibility and wide area of application of 2D ultrasound, is freehand 3D ultrasound, where a 2D probe is moved manually and its location sensed remotely. However, it is hard to generate a regular volume of data from the resulting non-parallel ultrasound images.Probably the largest body of evidence justifying the use of 3D ultrasound relates to the accurate measurement of volume. However, volume measurement with 3D ultrasound requires segmentation (i.e. outlining of the area of interest), which is a time consuming, manual task. Both this problem, and that of creating a regular volume of data, are eased by the use of sequential freehand 3D ultrasound, a recent technique amplified in this thesis, where all the processing is performed on the original ultrasound images. Thus a regular array of data is not required, and segmentation is performed on images whose features and artifacts are recognisable to the clinician.In this thesis, novel volume measurement and surface visualisation algorithms are developed for sequential freehand 3D ultrasound. A particular emphasis is placed on limiting the number of segmented cross-sections required for a given measurement accuracy. Inherent accuracy is demonstrated by simulation to be within ±2%, from 10 or fewer cross-sections. In vivo precision, including registration and segmentation errors, is shown to be within ±7%, even on complicated objects such as the liver or a foetus, from similar numbers of cross-sections. The volume can be updated in real-time as each image is segmented, and surfaces can be interpolated and visualised within a few seconds. Such visualisation can reveal errors in the segmentation which are otherwise hard to see.In addition, a framework for multiple-sweep data is developed, which allows volume measurement and surface visualisation of anatomy that can only be scanned by several sweeps of the ultrasound probe. Accurate volume measurements can therefore be made of all areas observable by conventional ultrasound. These measurements can be accomplished within approximately 5 minutes of examining the patient.The surface visualisation algorithms can also produce high quality renderings of data from a wide range of sources in medical imaging and other fields. The interpolation of cross-sections is an improvement on shape-based interpolation, and the triangular mesh created from the data is of a much higher quality than that using marching cubes. An extension of the surface interpolation algorithm can also be used to gradually change, or 'morph' one 3D surface to another, a technique commonly used in the film industry.

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“…Conventional freehand 3D ultrasound is a multi-stage process [1,2,3]. First, the clinician scans the anatomical organ of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PC-Based System for Calibration, Reconstruction, Processing, and Visualization of 3D Ultrasound Data Based on a Magnetic-Field Position and Orientation Sensing System

Boctor

Saad

Chang

et al. 2001

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. 3D-ultrasound can become a new, fast, non-radiative, noninvasive, and inexpensive tomographic medical imaging technique with unique advantages for the localization of vessels and tumors in soft tissue (spleen, kidneys, liver, breast etc.). In general, unlike the usual 2D-ultrasound, in the 3D-case a complete volume is covered with a whole series of cuts, which would enable a 3D reconstruction and visualization.In the last two decades, many researchers have attempted to produce systems that would allow the construction and visualization of threedimensional (3-D) images from ultrasound data. There is a general agreement that this development represents a positive step forward in medical imaging, and clinical applications have been suggested in many different areas. However, it is clear that 3-D ultrasound has not yet gained widespread clinical acceptance, and that there are still important problems to solve before it becomes a common tool.

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Three-dimensional sonographic reconstruction: techniques and diagnostic applications.

Cited by 123 publications

References 57 publications

Comparing human skeletal muscle architectural parameters of cadavers with in vivo ultrasonographic measurements

Comparing human skeletal muscle architectural parameters of cadavers with in vivo ultrasonographic measurements

Volume Measurement in Sequential Freehand 3-D Ultrasound

PC-Based System for Calibration, Reconstruction, Processing, and Visualization of 3D Ultrasound Data Based on a Magnetic-Field Position and Orientation Sensing System

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