Three-dimensional silicon/carbon core–shell electrode as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Kim, Jung Sub; Pfleging, Wilhelm; Kohler, Robert Ε.; Seifert, Hans Jürgen; Kim, Tae Yong; Byun, Dongjin; Jung, Hae Do; Choi, Wonchang; Lee, Joong Kee

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.041

Cited by 120 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Above a laser fluence of 4 J/cm 2 , the cone formation process stops in both LCO and NMC electrode materials while laser ablation leads to nearly stoichiometric ablation. The improvement of battery life-time for laser-structured thick-film electrodes was proven within previous works [25,27,28]. Furthermore this is in agreement with the study by Lim et al [44] which suggested that micro-cones in LCO films will lead to different lithium concentrations during electrochemical cycling.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Therefore, laser direct structuring of the active electrode material has been developed for thin film electrodes made of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , SnO 2 or fluorine doped SnO 2 (FTO) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In a very recent approach, it was shown that laser-structuring can be applied for LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 and silicon composite electrodes with film thicknesses of 50 to 100 µm [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface micro-structuring of intercalation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a study of laser-assisted cone formation

Pfleging

Smyrek

Hund

et al. 2015

Laser-Based Micro- And Nanoprocessing IX

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Strong efforts are currently undertaken in order to further improve the electrochemical performance of high energy lithium-ion batteries containing thick composite electrode materials. The properties of these electrode materials such as active surface area, film thickness, and film porosity strongly impact the cell life-time and cycling stability. A rather new approach is to generate hierarchical architectures into cathode materials by laser direct ablation as well as by laserassisted formation of self-organized structures. It could be shown that appropriate surface structures can lead to a significant improvement of lithium-ion diffusion kinetics leading to higher specific capacities at high charging and discharging currents. In this paper, the formation of self-organized conical structures in intercalation materials such as LiCoO 2 and LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 is investigated in detail. For this purpose, the cathode materials are exposed to excimer laser radiation with wavelengths of 248 nm and 193 nm leading to cone structures with outer dimensions in the micrometer range. The process of cone formation is investigated using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Cone formation can be initiated for laser fluences up to 3 J/cm 2 while selective removal of lithium was observed to be one of the key issues for starting the cone formation process. It could be shown that material re-deposition supports the cone-growth process leading to a low loss of active material. Besides the cone formation process, laser-induced chemical surface modification will be analysed by LIBS.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface micro-structuring of intercalation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a study of laser-assisted cone formation

Pfleging

Smyrek

Hund

et al. 2015

Laser-Based Micro- And Nanoprocessing IX

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“…For example, improved performance was demonstrated for graphite anodes when the platelet graphite particles were aligned normal to the current collector surface by means of a magnetic field 7 or when silicon/graphite anode electrodes were laser structured. 8 In this study we focus on the role of the electrode composition, specifically the role of the binder, on its tortuosity as well as on its implication for battery performance. While in the literature the link between binder and electrochemistry is frequently studied empirically using rate capability tests 9 and long-term cycling experiments, [10][11][12][13] we focus on the correlation of electrode tortuosity with binder content/type and its effect on rate capability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Binder on Lithium Ion Battery Electrode Tortuosity and Performance

Landesfeind

Eldiven

Gasteiger

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

106

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The electrochemical performance of porous graphite anodes in lithium ion battery applications is limited by the lithium ion concentration gradients in the liquid electrolyte, especially at high current densities and for thick coatings during battery charging. Beside the electrolyte transport parameters, the porosity and the tortuosity of the coating are key parameters that determine the electrode's suitability for high power applications. Here, we investigate the tortuosity of graphite anodes using two water as well as three n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone based binder systems by analysis of symmetric cell impedance measurements, demonstrating that tortuosities ranging from ∼3-10 are obtained for graphite anodes of similar thickness (∼100 μm), porosities (∼50%) and areal capacity (∼3.4 mAh/cm 2 ). Furthermore, selected electrodes with tortuosities of 3.1, 4.3, and 10.2 were cycled in cells with reference electrode at charging C-rates from 0. Understanding and predicting rate limitations in lithium ion batteries with porous electrodes requires profound knowledge of not only the electrolyte transport parameters (i.e., transference number, diffusion coefficient, conductivity) and the thermodynamic factor, but also the porosity and the tortuosity of the electrodes. The tortuosity of the electrode is particularly critical because the effective electrolyte conductivity and the effective diffusion coefficient in the electrolyte directly scale with the inverse of the tortuosity, so that care has to be taken to develop electrodes with minimized tortuosity. Using experimental approaches 1-4 or 3D tomography, 5,6 it was shown that the shape of active material particles distinctly influences the electrode tortuosity. For a given active material, however, electrode tortuosity and rate capability can also be improved by the design of the electrode layer such that short diffusion distances can be obtained across the electrode. For example, improved performance was demonstrated for graphite anodes when the platelet graphite particles were aligned normal to the current collector surface by means of a magnetic field 7 or when silicon/graphite anode electrodes were laser structured. 8 In this study we focus on the role of the electrode composition, specifically the role of the binder, on its tortuosity as well as on its implication for battery performance. While in the literature the link between binder and electrochemistry is frequently studied empirically using rate capability tests 9 and long-term cycling experiments, 10-13 we focus on the correlation of electrode tortuosity with binder content/type and its effect on rate capability.In the following, the tortuosity of graphite anodes with different binders, different binder contents, and different amounts of conductive carbon additive will be determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of symmetric cells using the transmission line model approach. 3,14 In the first part of our analysis we will demonstrate the effect of binder and conductive carbon additives on electrode t...

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“…Lack of film adhesion can result in the delamination of electrode film from the current collector after coating and cycling which lead to an enhanced internal resistance, dramatic capacity loss and reduced battery life-time. Delamination becomes even more problematic with advanced high power silicon-based anode materials due to a volume change of about 400 % during battery cycling [5,6]. Alternative current collectors with 3D surface architectures are required with respect to an improvement of film adhesion, mechanical anchoring, and electrical contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct laser interference patterning and ultrafast laser-induced micro/nano structuring of current collectors for lithium-ion batteries

Zheng

Smyrek

et al. 2016

SPIE Proceedings

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Laser-assisted modification of metals, polymers or ceramics yields a precise adjustment of wettability, biocompatibility or tribological properties for a broad range of applications. Due to a specific change of surface topography on micro- and nanometer scale, new functional properties can be achieved. A rather new scientific and technical approach is the laserassisted surface modification and structuring of metallic current collector foils for lithium-ion batteries. Prior to the thick film electrode coating processes, the formation of micro/nano-scaled surface topographies on current collectors can offer better interface adhesion, mechanical anchoring, electrical contact and reduced mechanical stress during cycling. These features in turn impact on the battery performance and the battery life-time. In order to generate the 3D surface architectures on metallic current collectors, two advanced laser processing structuring technologies: direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and ultrafast laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) were applied in this study. After laser structuring via DLIP and LIPSS, composite electrode materials were deposited by tape-casting on the modified current collectors. The electrode film adhesion was characterized by tensile strength measurements. The impact of various surface structures on the improvement of adhesive strength was discussed

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Three-dimensional silicon/carbon core–shell electrode as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 120 publications

References 19 publications

Surface micro-structuring of intercalation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a study of laser-assisted cone formation

Surface micro-structuring of intercalation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a study of laser-assisted cone formation

Influence of the Binder on Lithium Ion Battery Electrode Tortuosity and Performance

Direct laser interference patterning and ultrafast laser-induced micro/nano structuring of current collectors for lithium-ion batteries

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