Three-Dimensional Scheme of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixture in (Pressure; Temperature; Recovery) Coordinates

Abstract

A heavy hydrocarbon mixture represented by C 17 −C 31 carbon groups was investigated to determine extraction recoveries by supercritical carbon dioxide in the ranges of 12−65 MPa for pressure and 50−90°C for temperature. The purpose of the study was to obtain a three-dimensional scheme of the SC−CO 2 /heavy hydrocarbon mixture system in pressure− temperature−recovery coordinates, which allows the prediction and numerical modeling of phase behavior. At lower temperatures, high recoveries were attained at lower pressures. The highest recovery of 93% was obtained at 70°C and 56 MPa. The recoveries greater than 65% were determined at the breakover points where the pressure increased by 7 MPa with a temperature increase of 10°C. The phase envelope, 3D scheme, and the equations describing the boundaries of the system are presented.

Pore-Scale Investigation of Carbon Dioxide-Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…Anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 are considered to be the main contributor to the global greenhouse effect . One promising approach to reduce the rapid growth of CO 2 released to the atmosphere is to sequester it in oil and gas reservoirs or deep saline aquifers. , In 1972, the first commercial-scale sequestration of CO 2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was initiated in West Texas . Since then, numerous technical improvements and operating practices have been developed for CO 2 EOR in the petroleum industry.…”

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of petroleum on kieselguhr

“…The efficiency of CO 2 SFE crude oil extraction varied considerably with operating conditions: extraction mode (dynamic or static), solvent modifiers, and operating temperature and pressure [14]. Among these operating parameters, process temperature and pressure are predominant to extraction yield [15][16][17]. Although high pressure and low temperature are the preferred operating conditions for most CO 2 SFE systems, high temperature appeared to increase recovery of hydrocarbons from reservoir.…”

Adsorption of Bitumen Model Compounds on Kaolinite in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvents: A Study by Periodic Density Functional Theory and Molecular Theory of Solvation

“…Collaborative experimental and computational studies could help optimize the external conditions for extraction of heavy oils from different sources based on mechanistic insight. Moreover, understanding the mechanism of action of additives (also called co-solvents), such as heavy hydrocarbons, alcohols, 91 and salty water, 30 could help improve the efficiency of the CO 2 -based extraction processes. Solvent systems containing CO 2 present important alternatives to organics and could be valuable for the development of improved nonaqueous extraction processes.…”

“…30−32 It is challenging to interpret these results at a mechanistic chemistry level because of the diversity of natural samples, role of soaking, 31 and multiple stages of extraction, e.g., desorption from solid grain, intraparticle diffusion, and transfer of oil into the bulk fluid. 32 Recent reports highlight the necessity to investigate the effect of the CO 2 temperature and pressure on the extraction of individual oil components, such as aromatics, aliphatics, and naphthenes, 30 and the destiny of asphaltenes. 33 The mechanism of interaction of CO 2 with organic molecules and clay minerals has been investigated using electronic structure methods and molecular dynamics simulations.…”

“…Oil extraction from natural oil sands and soil samples has been studied experimentally to determine the optimal CO 2 solvent conditions. − It is challenging to interpret these results at a mechanistic chemistry level because of the diversity of natural samples, role of soaking, and multiple stages of extraction, e.g., desorption from solid grain, intraparticle diffusion, and transfer of oil into the bulk fluid . Recent reports highlight the necessity to investigate the effect of the CO 2 temperature and pressure on the extraction of individual oil components, such as aromatics, aliphatics, and naphthenes, and the destiny of asphaltenes …”