Three‐dimensional scanning electron microscopy characterization of the topography of textured polymeric surfaces

Ignell, Sofie; Ariño, Ruth; Iannuzzi, Giovanna; Kleist, Ulf; Rigdahl, Mikael

doi:10.1002/pen.21691

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Compared to the other two materials, the reflectance in the 110°‐direction was significantly higher for the PP specimens. Neither any difference in surface topography, reported in [21], nor color between the plaques can seemingly account for this enhanced reflectance. Possibly, an evaluation of the entire angular distribution of the reflected light can provide relevant information regarding the lower CGF of the PP specimens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evaluating contrast gloss of textured polymeric surfaces

Ignell¹,

Kleist²,

Rigdahl³

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The concept of contrast gloss and its relation to visually perceived gloss was examined for textured polymeric specimens. The specimens were injection‐molded plaques manufactured in three different polymers (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer, polypropylene, and a blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer). A contrast gloss factor was determined from the reflectance data obtained with a conventional multiangle spectrophotometer. To evaluate the visual impression of gloss of the specimens a psychometric study was performed. The contrast gloss factor corresponded well with the visual assessment of the gloss and it was able to discern the visual differences between several specimens not significantly discriminated by their gloss values. These latter gloss values were obtained with a conventional glossmeter measuring specular gloss. In correspondence with the visual assessments and practical experience, the relation between the contrast gloss factor and the specular glossmeter measurements was found to depend on the type of polymer used. When evaluating gloss of specimens varying in color, the contrast gloss factor corresponded well with the visual assessments. This was in contrast to the specular glossmeter measurements which ranked the specimens essentially in the opposite order. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evaluating contrast gloss of textured polymeric surfaces

Ignell¹,

Kleist²,

Rigdahl³

2010

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…(1)) has been calculated to characterize the surface topography in the height direction over the analyzed area: where z ( x,y ) is the surface height relative to the average surface area (profile) measured at the coordinates ( x,y ) of area A . The stereo‐technique is described in detail elsewhere 15, 16…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing of polymeric surfaces exhibiting flow marks—Effects on surface characteristics

Iannuzzi¹,

Nafari²,

Boldizar³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Surface defects associated with manufacturing processes can severely impair the appearance of polymeric products. These defects can be enhanced with ageing (time, UV-light, heat and weather conditions). In the present contribution, the interest is focused on the defects generated during injection molding of elastomermodified polymers that are often used in the automotive sector to produce interior and exterior components. In particular, defects denoted as ''flow marks'' or ''tiger stripes'' were investigated. Two different grades of elastomermodified polypropylene (PP)-containing mineral fillers were studied here before and after heat ageing for 9 weeks at a constant temperature of 95 C. Although injection moldings are one of the grades that did not exhibit any flow marks, moldings of other PP-grade showed such defects and they were enhanced after the ageing process. The properties and structure of the glossy and the dull bands (as well as the effect of the thermal ageing) have been assessed by several characteristics such as microhardness, nanohardness, crystallinity, and surface composition. An increase in surface hardness was noted after the ageing treatment as a consequence of increased crystallinity. Dull and glossy bands also exhibited different values of the nanohardness, glossy bands were harder, and the dull bands appeared to be less crystalline. The surface composition of glossy and dull regions was slightly different; the surface regions of the glossy areas contained higher amounts of filler particles. The effect of the ageing on the striped appearance is furthermore discussed in relation to possible depletion of the stabilizer system.

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“…However, for the specimens in the present study, a higher RMS‐roughness value was always associated with a higher value of the lateral correlation length, cf. Ref 11…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ref. 11. Since the measures of lateral correlation length provided no additional information, they were not included here.…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angle‐resolved light scattering from textured injection‐molded plastics

Ignell

Rigdahl

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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With regard to surface appearance, the angleresolved light scattering from textured polymeric surfaces was evaluated to link the reflectance properties to measured gloss as well as visually perceived gloss. Bidirectional reflectance distributions were determined by means of a scatterometer and the specimens involved were textured injectionmolded plaques manufactured from three different polymers; an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer, a polypropylene (PP), and a polycarbonate and ABS copolymer blend (PC/ABS). The influence of color, surface roughness, and angle of incidence on the scattering characteristics was evaluated. An off-specular reflectance peak was observed for the textured specimens the magnitude of which was clearly determined by the surface roughness and the angle of incidence. The color of the specimens mainly influenced the diffuse reflectance. The results provide a measure of perceived gloss and supported previously reported findings regarding the relevance of the concept of contrast gloss for the gloss characterization of textured polymeric surfaces.

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Three‐dimensional scanning electron microscopy characterization of the topography of textured polymeric surfaces

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluating contrast gloss of textured polymeric surfaces

Evaluating contrast gloss of textured polymeric surfaces

Ageing of polymeric surfaces exhibiting flow marks—Effects on surface characteristics

Angle‐resolved light scattering from textured injection‐molded plastics

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