Three-dimensional rotation of the scapula during functional movements: An in vivo study in healthy volunteers

Bourne, Douglas A.; Choo, Anthony M.; Regan, William D.; MacIntyre, Donna L.; Oxland, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/j.jse.2006.06.011

Cited by 75 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A researcher sat facing the participant and performed each movement in time with the metronome as a visual guide. For each trial, participants were instructed to start by sitting comfortably with hands in lap (≤ second 0), move bilateral UE into anatomical position (second 0-1), perform the movement with the target UE (seconds 1-3), reverse the movement to return the UE to anatomical position (seconds [3][4][5], and return to the starting position (second 5-6). The contralateral UE remained stationary in the anatomical position during the task.…”

Section: Movement Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Method for Analyzing Three-Dimensional Scapula Kinematics

Janes

Brown

Essenberg

et al. 2012

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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Background Scapula mobility complicates upper extremity kinematics assessment. Existing methods are diverse, providing inconsistent results. The current gold standard (bone pins) is prohibitively invasive. The purposes of the current study are to describe a virtual projection alternative to surface markers for video motion capture (VMC) of the scapula and to compare the results of the projection and surface marker methods to the results of similar existing methods. Methods Ten participants were evaluated using VMC. Surface markers were applied to the trunk and arm in accordance with existing guidelines. Three markers were affixed to plastic base on the skin over the acromion process. Other scapular landmarks were digitized in a neutral position. These landmarks' locations were defined in reference to the acromion cluster and used to generate the projection. Humerothoracic, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic kinematics were evaluated during shoulder abduction, flexion, and scaption. Joint angles produced by the surface markers and the projection were compared by Bonferroni-adjusted t tests. The results were compared to prior findings in the literature. Results The projection resulted in greater scapulothoracic upward rotation, internal rotation, and anterior-posterior tilt and less glenohumeral elevation (p<.0055) than did surface markers. The virtual scapula produced greater estimates of scapular mobility than did surface markers, corresponding to pre-existing results from similar methodologies. Conclusions The result is a noninvasive measurement tool that produces different and superior results than do scapula surface markers. Measuring scapula kinematics via VMC without bone pins will facilitate future investigations into interactions between upper extremity injury, kinematics, and activity performance.

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Section: Movement Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Method for Analyzing Three-Dimensional Scapula Kinematics

Janes

Brown

Essenberg

et al. 2012

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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“…In horizontal adduction, the agonist muscle of GHJ was the pectoralis major. The agonist muscle of STJ was set as the serratus anterior because internal rotation and protraction of the scapula is by horizontal adduction [17,18]. The antagonist muscles of STJ were defined as the middle and lower trapezius muscles because they have the opposite function of the serratus anterior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isometric Contraction of Scapular Muscles Activities during Horizontal Abduction and Adduction of the Shoulder

Ijiri¹,

Takagi²,

Suzuki³

2017

J Nov Physiother

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Background: Scapular stability is important for shoulder movement; however, the mechanism of scapular stability remains unknown. In addition, activities of scapular muscles have been only evaluated during shoulder elevation, but not extensively observed those of other shoulder movements. We investigated muscle activity, including scapular muscle activity, during horizontal abduction and adduction of the shoulder joint.

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“…Biomechanical research outlining the complex interaction between the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints during humeral elevation has resulted in descriptive data and identified consistent patterns of motion and interrelated movements between the scapula and humerus [1,11]. Upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tilting of the scapula are reportedly necessary for successful humeral elevation [1,9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tilting of the scapula are reportedly necessary for successful humeral elevation [1,9,11]. These movements, although objectively measurable in the laboratory setting with complex instrumentation such as three-dimensional tracking [1,9,11], are typically evaluated by clinicians in patients with shoulder dysfunction using only visual observation. Clinical decision-making regarding the presence or absence of scapular dysfunction or dyskinesis is made on that basis [5,12,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four examiners then independently classified the motions on video into one of four types. Interrater reliability analysis using the kappa (k) statistic was performed for: (1) classifying each scapula into one of the four types; (2) classifying each scapula as being abnormal (Types I-III) or normal (Type IV); and (3) classifying both scapula as both being symmetric (both normal or both abnormal) or asymmetric (one normal, one abnormal). Results We found low reliability for all analyses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reliability of Scapular Classification in Examination of Professional Baseball Players

Ellenbecker¹,

Kibler

Bailie

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Clinically evaluating the scapulothoracic joint is challenging. To identify scapular dyskinesis, clinicians typically observe scapular motion and congruence during self-directed upper extremity movements. However, it is unclear whether this method is reliable. Questions/purposes We therefore determined the interrater reliability of a scapular classification system in the examination of professional baseball players. Methods Seventy-one healthy uninjured professional baseball players between the ages of 18 and 32 years volunteered to participate. We used a digital video camera to film five repetitions of scapular plane elevation while holding a 2-pound weight. Four examiners then independently classified the motions on video into one of four types. Interrater reliability analysis using the kappa (k) statistic was performed for: (1) classifying each scapula into one of the four types; (2) classifying each scapula as being abnormal (Types I-III) or normal (Type IV); and (3) classifying both scapula as both being symmetric (both normal or both abnormal) or asymmetric (one normal, one abnormal). Results We found low reliability for all analyses. In classifying each scapula as one of the four types, reliability was k = 0.245 for the left limb and k = 0.186 for the right limb. When considering the dichotomous classifications (abnormal versus normal), reliability was k = 0.264 for left and k = 0.157 for right. For bilateral symmetry/asymmetric, reliability was k = 0.084. Conclusion We found low reliability of visual observation and classification of scapular movement. Clinical RelevanceCurrent evaluation strategies for evaluating subtle scapular abnormalities are limited.

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Three-dimensional rotation of the scapula during functional movements: An in vivo study in healthy volunteers

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

Development of a Method for Analyzing Three-Dimensional Scapula Kinematics

Development of a Method for Analyzing Three-Dimensional Scapula Kinematics

Isometric Contraction of Scapular Muscles Activities during Horizontal Abduction and Adduction of the Shoulder

Reliability of Scapular Classification in Examination of Professional Baseball Players

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