Three-dimensional reproducibility of natural head position

Relationship of maxillary 3-dimensional posterior occlusal plane to mandibular spatial position and morphology

“…The right and left porions completed the definition of the Frankfort horizontal plane. Authors of a recent study found that there tends to be less variation in natural head Med U5 Computer-generated medial (mean) point between the right and left maxillary second premolar buccal cusp tips posture in the coronal axis, 30 possibly because the temporal bones house the organs of equilibrium, which impart the sensory input for the spatial orientation of the head. 31 This makes the Frankfort horizontal plane a logical starting reference plane on the coronal axis.…”

Accuracy of three-dimensional soft tissue simulation in bimaxillary osteotomies

“…By scanning patients sitting upright in the natural head position with relaxed lips and facial muscles, the influences of the patients' position during the CBCT scans were kept to a minimum (Weber et al, 2013). As all postoperative scans were made one year after the surgery, the effects of postoperative soft tissue oedema on the facial profile were limited (Kau et al, 2006).…”

Evaluation of Head Position in Static and Dynamic Three-Dimensional Imaging: a review of the Literature

“…Distances between the landmarks were smaller when sensors were used to orient patients in NHP compared to NHP without sensors. In conclusion, the use of sensors improved the reproducibility of the 3D imaging [12].…”