Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Procedure Using GKS Primitives and Software Transformations for Anatomical Studies of the Nervous System

Hornung, Jean‐Pierre; Kraftsik, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83492-9_50

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For this purpose, the landmarks cut within the celloidin blocks were reported on the drawings obtained with the camera lucida and superimposed on each other when the drawings were fed into a computer using a digitizing tablet connected to a Sigmex graphics terminal and a Vaxstation 3200 computer. A 3D reconstruction program, based on GKS, allowing the removal of hidden lines (Hornung and Kraftsik 1988) generated several angles of view of the stack of recorded sections, which enabled us to visualize the global 3D shape of the primary visual cortex. For the colour reconstructions, we used a program based on surface rendering method (see Acknowledgements).…”

Section: Histological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age

Leuba¹,

Kraftsik

1994

Anat Embryol

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108

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Macroscopic features such as volume, surface estimate, thickness and caudorostral length of the human primary visual cortex (Brodman's area 17) of 46 human brains between midgestation and 93 years were studied by means of camera lucida drawings from serial frontal sections. Individual values were best fitted by a logistic function from midgestation to adulthood and by a regression line between adulthood and old age. Allometric functions were calculated to study developmental relationships between all the features. The three-dimensional shape of area 17 was also reconstructed from the serial sections in 15 cases and correlated with the sequence of morphological events. The sulcal pattern of area 17 begins to develop around 21 weeks of gestation but remains rather simple until birth, while it becomes more convoluted, particularly in the caudal part, during the postnatal period. Until birth, a large increase in cortical thickness (about 83% of its mean adult value) and caudorostral length (69%) produces a moderate increase in cortical volume (31%) and surface estimate (40%) of area 17. After birth, the cortical volume and surface undergo their maximum growth rate, in spite of a rather small increase in cortical thickness and caudorostral length. This is due to the development of the pattern of gyrification within and around the calcarine fissure. All macroscopic features have reached the mean adult value by the end of the first postnatal year. With aging, the only features to undergo significant regression are the cortical surface estimate and the caudorostral length. The total number of neurons in area 17 shows great interindividual variability at all ages. No decrease in the postnatal period or in aging could be demonstrated.

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Section: Histological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age

Leuba¹,

Kraftsik

1994

Anat Embryol

Self Cite

108

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“…A variety of approaches have been devised to produce 3-D forms from the essentially 2-D data provided by individual thin sections (Levinthal and Ware, 1972;Stevens and Trogadis, 1984;Tolivia et al, 1986;Hornung and Kraftsik, 1988;Andreasen et al, 1992;Hibbard et al, 1992;Antal et al, 1992). All these approaches employ various means for placing in register the elements that appear in consecutive thin sections; the exact method employed affects the shape of the final product.…”

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of synapses onto the somata of intrinsically bursting and regular spiking neurons in layer V of rat SmI cortex

White

Amitai

Gutnick

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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Regular spiking (RS) and intrinsically bursting (IB) neurons show distinct differences in their inhibitory responses. Under various conditions, the synaptic responses of RS cells display marked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), whereas the responses of most IB cells do not (Silva et al: Soc Neurosci Abstr 14:883, 1988; Chagnac-Amitai and Connors: J Neurophysiol 61:747, 62:1149, 1989; Connors and Gutnick: TINS 13:99, 1990). This investigation is designed to determine if differences in the inhibitory responses of RS versus IB cells are reflected in differences in the concentration of inhibitory synapses onto their somata. RS and IB neurons in rat somatosensory cortex were identified by using intracellular recording and labeling, examined with the light microscope, and then serial thin-sectioned prior to examination with the electron microscope. Axonal terminals presynaptic to their somata and proximal dendrites were identified and classified according to criteria described by Peters and coworkers (Peters et al: J Neurocytol 19:584, 1990; Peters and Harriman: J Neurocytol 19:154, 1990; 21:679, 1992). The locations of these boutons were displayed on the surfaces of 3-D reconstructions of the somata and proximal dendrites. The reconstructions were produced directly from the serial thin sections by using a novel, electron microscopic, image-processing computer resource. Our analysis showed no significant difference in the types and concentration of boutons presynaptic to the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of intrinsically bursting versus regular spiking neurons. We conclude that the differences observed in the inhibitory responses of intrinsically bursting versus regular spiking neurons cannot be explained by differences in the concentrations of synapses onto their somata.

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“…The following method was used: relevant sections of the brainstem were delineated by means of a camera lucida and digitized on a graphic tablet linked to a Sigmex 6100 graphic station and a VAX 7500 minicomputer (Digital). The reconstruction was generated by using a GKS (UNIRAS) graphic library and VAX-VMS Fortran [31]. This program allowed the choice of the appropriate angles of view and the selection of the structures involved in the lesion.…”

Section: Postmortem Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory failure and unilateral caudal brainstem infarction

Bogousslavsky

Khurana

Déruaz

et al. 1990

Annals of Neurology

134

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We report clinicotopographic correlations in 2 patients with central hypoventilation and unilateral infarct in the caudal brainstem. One patient had nearly complete loss of ventilation involving both automatic and voluntary components. He showed no ventilator response during a CO2 retention test (PaCO2 62 mm Hg, PaO2 82 mm Hg), while consciousness was preserved until death. The infarct involved the reticular formation, nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, and nucleus retroambiguus on the right but spared the dorsal motor nucleus of the tenth cranial nerve, and sensory and corticospinal tracts. The second patient showed hypoventilation more selectively involving automatic responses (Ondine's curse). The infarct involved the medullary reticular formation and nucleus ambiguus but spared the nucleus tractus solitarius. We suggest that unilateral involvement of pontomedullary reticular formation and nucleus ambiguus is sufficient for generating loss of automatic respiration, while associated lesion of the nucleus tractus solitarius may lead to more severe respiratory failure involving both automatic and voluntary responses.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Procedure Using GKS Primitives and Software Transformations for Anatomical Studies of the Nervous System

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age

Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age

A comparison of synapses onto the somata of intrinsically bursting and regular spiking neurons in layer V of rat SmI cortex

Respiratory failure and unilateral caudal brainstem infarction

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