Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of adhesive remnants and enamel loss resulting from debonding orthodontic molar tubes

Abstract

AimsPresenting a new method for direct, quantitative analysis of enamel surface. Measurement of adhesive remnants and enamel loss resulting from debonding molar tubes.Material and methodsBuccal surfaces of fifteen extracted human molars were directly scanned with an optic blue-light 3D scanner to the nearest 2 μm. After 20 s etching molar tubes were bonded and after 24 h storing in 0.9% saline - debonded. Then 3D scanning was repeated. Superimposition and comparison were proceeded and shape alterations of the entire objects were analyzed using specialized computer software. Residual adhesive heights as well as enamel loss depths have been obtained for the entire buccal surfaces. Residual adhesive volume and enamel loss volume have been calculated for every tooth.ResultsThe maximum height of adhesive remaining on enamel surface was 0.76 mm and the volume on particular teeth ranged from 0.047 mm3 to 4.16 mm3. The median adhesive remnant volume was 0.988 mm3. Mean depths of enamel loss for particular teeth ranged from 0.0076 mm to 0.0416 mm. Highest maximum depth of enamel loss was 0.207 mm. Median volume of enamel loss was 0.104 mm3 and maximum volume was 1.484 mm3.ConclusionsBlue-light 3D scanning is able to provide direct precise scans of the enamel surface, which can be superimposed in order to calculate shape alterations. Debonding molar tubes leaves a certain amount of adhesive remnants on the enamel, however the interface fracture pattern varies for particular teeth and areas of enamel loss are present as well.

The effect different substrates have on the trueness and precision of eight different intraoral scanners

“…For jaw‐sized scans, this scanner has a trueness of 3 μm and a precision of 2 μm . To decrease the risk of operator bias and error, each IOS was tested by an operator who was familiar with, and trained on each particular device with a minimum of 3‐year experience scanning and with a minimum of 20 cases on the tested scanner …”

Effect of scan substrates on accuracy of 7 intraoral digital impression systems using human maxilla model

“…A single master scan was captured using the ATOS Capsule scanner (GOM, Braunschweig, Germany) by an industrial scanning company (3D Systems Manufacturing, Rock Hill, SC, USA). Commonly used to scan complex geometries in the aerospace and automotive industries, the ATOS capsule scans with trueness of 3 μm and precision of 2 μm …”

Auxiliary UV light devices for removal of fluorescent resin residues after bracket debonding

“…The high-speed handpiece used in this study (Cobra Led Ultra Vision-Gnatus) has a command that activates a white LED, Diamond burs are not recommended for resin removal, as they cut enamel aggressively, leading to deep scratches and increasing surface roughness. 18 Tungsten carbide burs are less harmful, 7 although both protocols require final polishing. In the present report, SEM images did not identify a difference in surface enamel roughness between the sides ( Figure 6C,F).…”

“…For the current patient, silicone rubber polishers and polishing discs, which are less aggressive than other methods such as Arkansas stone and lasers, were used. 7 Nevertheless, even Sof-Lex discs may damage the enamel, 3 only medium, fine, and superfine discs were used and the use of a polishing paste as a final procedure is considered essential to reducing abrasive marks. 19 The resin removal produced similar aesthetically pleasing enamel surfaces with both methods.…”

“…5 As a consequence, irreversible, iatrogenic, damage, such as grooves and surface irregularities, to the enamel can result from excessive pressure during the removal of adhesive material. 6,7 Similarly, the incomplete removal of adhesive material leads to a rough enamel surface, which favors biofilm accumulation 1 and consequently facilitates the development of white spot lesions. 8 Residual adhesive resin layer after bracket debonding might also stain overtime if the layer is not removed.…”