Three‐Dimensional Printing with Biomass‐Derived PEF for Carbon‐Neutral Manufacturing

Abstract

Biomass-derived poly(ethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) has been used for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. A complete cycle from cellulose to the printed object has been performed. The printed PEF objects created in the present study show higher chemical resistance than objects printed with commonly available materials (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG)). The studied PEF polymer has shown key advantages for 3D printing: optimal adhesion, thermoplasticity, lack of delamination and low heat shrinkage. The high thermal stability of PEF and relatively low temperature that is necessary for extrusion are optimal for recycling printed objects and minimizing waste. Several successive cycles of 3D printing and recycling were successfully shown. The suggested approach for extending additive manufacturing to carbon-neutral materials opens a new direction in the field of sustainable development.

Sustainable Utilization of Biomass Refinery Wastes for Accessing Activated Carbons and Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

“…[1,2,5] The pilot manufacturing of HMF,w ith the annualc apacity of 20 tons, startedi n2 014. [5,12,13] Levulinic acidh as been previously produced mainly from petrochemical feedstocks, [14,15] although the start of its large-scale production( 10 000 tons per year) from biomass has been announcedr ecently. [5,10,11] FDCA and FDME are used as monomers for polyethylene furanoate( PEF) and polypropylene furanoate (PPF)-bio-based polyesters that are planned to replace petro-based polyethylene terephthalate.…”

“…[5,10,11] FDCA and FDME are used as monomers for polyethylene furanoate( PEF) and polypropylene furanoate (PPF)-bio-based polyesters that are planned to replace petro-based polyethylene terephthalate. [5,12,13] Levulinic acidh as been previously produced mainly from petrochemical feedstocks, [14,15] although the start of its large-scale production( 10 000 tons per year) from biomass has been announcedr ecently. [16] LA is considered as av ersatile reagent for industrial productiono fn umerous chemicals, solvents, monomers, and fuels.…”

Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing in Organic Synthesis

“…However, the possibility to place the 3D printer in a hood (always present in a chemical lab) can easily solve any problems coming from the vast majority of common thermoplastics,. Moreover, many other polymers with increased resistance to solvent are under development (as the biomass derived poly(ethylene‐2,5‐furandicarboxylate PEF polymer) …”

Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Furan‐Based Oligoesters and their Self‐Assembly‐Assisted Polymerization

“…[18][19][20] Recently,t he US Department of Energy( DOE), DuPont Industrial Bioscience, and Archer Daniels Midland Co. have declared FDCA as one of the most important valueadded chemicals, which has the potential to generate exciting high-performance renewable materials in the 21 st century. [25,26] Despite the potentiala pplication of FDCA-based polymers such as polyesters, [27] polyamides, [28] and epoxy resins [29] in the production of bioplastics, [30] 3D printing, [31] coatings in automotive and marine industries, [32] and in the fabrication of biomedical devices, [33] the environmentally friendly synthesis of bio-based polymers and advanced methods for the generationo fh ighmolecular-weight polymers have not been exploredc ompletely.M ost of the protocols reported for the synthesis of biobased polymers that display variousp hysical and chemical properties involveh arsh reaction conditions, metal catalysts, and intense purification steps. [25,26] Despite the potentiala pplication of FDCA-based polymers such as polyesters, [27] polyamides, [28] and epoxy resins [29] in the production of bioplastics, [30] 3D printing, [31] coatings in automotive and marine industries, [32] and in the fabrication of biomedical devices, [33] the environmentally friendly synthesis of bio-based polymers and advanced methods for the generationo fh ighmolecular-weight polymers have not been exploredc ompletely.M ost of the protocols reported for the synthesis of biobased polymers that display variousp hysical and chemical properties involveh arsh reaction conditions, metal catalysts, and intense purification steps.…”

“…[21,22] With the use of FDCA as ap latform chemical, aw ide varietyo f renewable polymers have been generated [23,24] with biocompatibility and good thermaland electrical conductivities, for example,p oly(ethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), as tructural analogue of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), has better thermomechanical and barrier properties than PET. [25,26] Despite the potentiala pplication of FDCA-based polymers such as polyesters, [27] polyamides, [28] and epoxy resins [29] in the production of bioplastics, [30] 3D printing, [31] coatings in automotive and marine industries, [32] and in the fabrication of biomedical devices, [33] the environmentally friendly synthesis of bio-based polymers and advanced methods for the generationo fh ighmolecular-weight polymers have not been exploredc ompletely.M ost of the protocols reported for the synthesis of biobased polymers that display variousp hysical and chemical properties involveh arsh reaction conditions, metal catalysts, and intense purification steps. [34] To achieve as ustainable society,awidely accepted concept of "green polymerc hemistry" has to be introduced in each and every step.…”