Three dimensional printing of calcium sulfate and mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for improving bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

In the clinic, bone defects resulting from infections, trauma, surgical resection and genetic malformations remain a significant challenge. In the field of bone tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are promising for the treatment of bone defects. In this study, calcium sulfate hydrate (CSH)/mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds were successfully fabricated using a 3D printing technique, which had a regular and uniform square macroporous structure, high porosity and excellent apatite mineralization ability. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on scaffolds to evaluate hBMSC attachment, proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Critical-sized rat calvarial defects were applied to investigate the effect of CSH/MBG scaffolds on bone regeneration in vivo. The in vitro results showed that CSH/MBG scaffolds stimulated the adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenesis-related gene expression of hBMSCs. In vivo results showed that CSH/MBG scaffolds could significantly enhance new bone formation in calvarial defects compared to CSH scaffolds. Thus 3D printed CSH/MBG scaffolds would be promising candidates for promoting bone regeneration.

3D printed porous β-Ca2SiO4scaffolds derived from preceramic resin and their physicochemical and biological properties

“…Ca 2+ ions in β-Ca 2 SiO 4 interact with H 3 O + ions in SBF, which could promote the formation of rich-Si layer on the ceramics. The rich-Si layer induces the formation of Ca–P nucleation and further apatite crystal formation [21,53]. In this study, the Ca/P ratios were 2.29, 2.41, and 2.50 for the scaffolds sintered at 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1200 °C, respectively, which are a little higher than that of 1.67 for apatite.…”

3D Printing of Hierarchical Scaffolds Based on Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses (MBGs)—Fundamentals and Applications

“…The great advantage of 3D printing is that the 3D structure is built following a layer-by-layer approach at room temperature, thus potentially allowing mass production of several devices characterized by structural, mechanical and morphological features varying in a very narrow range (high reproducibility). A summary of representative process parameters and synthesis details used in 3D printing of MBG scaffolds is provided in Table 1 [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]. The production of several macroporous structures characterized by different macropore size and shape was extensively reported to be obtainable by operating proper modification to the text script/CAD file.…”

Organosilicon polymer-derived ceramics: An overview

“…3D printing is a good choice to fabricate special structured materials due to the precise design and control for the architecture and structure by computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82], which has been utilized in fabricating polymer-derived ceramics in recent years due to its ability to control the architecture or porous structure precisely. According to the different shaping principles, 3D printing technique can be divided into six modes, which include modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), powder-based printing (PB), inkjet printing (IP), and direct ink writing (DIW).…”