Three‐dimensional printing in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy ‐ an Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long‐term follow‐up (IDEAL) Phase 2a study

Multi-colour extrusion fused deposition modelling: a low-cost 3D printing method for anatomical prostate cancer models

“…3D printing is an exciting new technology that will transform medicine as the technology continues to improve and becomes cheaper and more accessible over time. Chandak et al 6 created 3D printed prostate models using MJ on the Objet500, the same MJ printer used in this study, with a stated cost of around USD 317 per model in a pilot study of ten patients with T3 prostate cancer. Their next stages were described as conducting a randomized controlled trial in the future for patients with T3 prostate cancer to determine if these 3D models could improve clinical outcomes, in particular the rate of positive surgical margins.…”

“…3D printed prostate cancer models have shown two potential areas of usefulness: for patient education and surgical planning. Preliminary studies show promising feedback from patients and surgeons [3][4][5][6] with further data on clinical outcomes to follow.…”

“…We have previously reviewed the costs associated with urological 3D printed models 1 and found that the majority of papers do not disclose the costs associated with the models. Only two papers that created 3D prostate models reported costs of USD 500 5 and USD 317 6 using the 3D printing technique of material jetting (MJ). In the research setting, manufacturing high quality models is desirable but if these 3D printed models are to become integrated into clinical practice then costs must be considered.…”

Three-dimensional printing versus conventional machining in the creation of a meatal urethral dilator: development and mechanical testing

“…Instead of FDM, research groups frequently employ more advanced 3D printing methods such as stereolithography (SLA) or selective laser sintering (SLS). For example, in the field of urology, many groups have explored the use of 3D-printed prostate and kidney models using SLA technology [6][7][8]. Many non-invasive uses for 3D printing in urology have been explored ranging from surgical simulation [9][10][11][12], histopathological correlation [13,14], augmented reality surgery [15,16] and anatomical models [6,7,[17][18][19][20].…”

Artificial intelligence, three‐dimensional printing and global health

“…(Radius, Exophytic/Endophytic, Nearness, Anterior/Posterior, Location) and PADUA (Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical) scores . In robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy such 3D reconstructions can actually be 3D printed to give surgeons a sense of touch and potentially reduce positive margins .…”