Three-dimensional printing for craniomaxillofacial regeneration

Abstract

Craniomaxillofacial injuries produce complex wound environments involving various tissue types and treatment strategies. In a clinical setting, care is taken to properly irrigate and stabilize the injury, while grafts are molded in an attempt to maintain physiological functionality and cosmesis. This often requires multiple surgeries and grafts leading to added discomfort, pain and financial burden. Many of these injuries can lead to disfigurement and resultant loss of system function including mastication, respiration, and articulation, and these can lead to acute and long-term psychological impact on the patient. A main causality of these issues is the lack of an ability to spatially control pre-injury morphology while maintaining shape and function. With the advent of additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing) and its use in conjunction with biomaterial regenerative strategies and stem cell research, there is an increased potential capacity to alleviate such limitations. This review focuses on the current capabilities of additive manufacturing platforms, completed research and potential for future uses in the treatment of craniomaxillofacial injuries, with an in-depth discussion of regeneration of the periodontal complex and teeth.

Natural bioceramics: our experience with changing perspectives in the reconstruction of maxillofacial skeleton

“…EHA is cost-effective and production is environment friendly with no disease transfer risks56. This economical graft material can be used as raw material for the production of various shapes and sizes of grafts in various biomedical applications including three-dimensional construction30.…”

Techniques in the Safe Use of Polycaprolactone in Structural Rhinoplasty

“…Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an absorbable material used in craniomaxillofacial surgery as a scaffold for defects. 10 It is absorbed completely in 2 years. It is also a material used as threads in facial rejuvenation.…”

“…It has been shown in studies that osteoblasts, chondroblasts and mesenchymal tissues grow into its pores. 10,15 It comes in various shapes and sizes. The ideal ones for use in nasal surgery are the 10 mm x 30-40 mm mesh plate with thickness variety of 0.8-1.2 mm.…”

Development of Surgical Tools and Procedures for Experimental Preclinical Surgery Using Computer Simulations And 3D Printing

“…George et al [16] described an iterative design process where general surgical tools, such as scalpel handles and forceps, can be modified according to surgeons' feedback. Moreover, 3D printing technology is not only applied for preparation of surgical tools but for manufacturing of custom made implants too [17] and is frequently utilized for development and production of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) implants [18,19].…”