Three-Dimensional Printing and 3D Scanning: Emerging Technologies Exhibiting High Potential in the Field of Cultural Heritage

Abstract

Three-dimensional scanning and 3D printing have become increasingly important tools in the field of cultural heritage. Three-dimensional scanning is used to create detailed digital models of cultural heritage sites, artifacts, and monuments, which can be used for research, restoration, and virtual display. Three-dimensional printing, on the other hand, allows for the creation of physical copies of cultural heritage objects, which can be used for education, exhibition, and preservation. The use of these technologies has many advantages, including the ability to document and preserve cultural heritage sites, artifacts, and monuments in a non-invasive manner, as well as the ability to create digital and physical replicas that can be used for education and exhibition purposes. However, there are also challenges, such as the need for specialized equipment and expertise, as well as concerns about the preservation of the original objects. Despite these challenges, 3D scanning and 3D printing have proven to be valuable tools in the field of cultural heritage preservation and their use is expected to continue to grow in the future.

Digital Art and the Metaverse: Benefits and Challenges

“…in a format that is sharable and future-proof, as well as allowing artists to share their creations in a manner that is not just constrained to local visitors, but rather freely accessible to others around the globe. The 3D Web holds, therefore, high potential for cultural heritage, as discussed by Kantaros et al [12].…”

Optimization of the Internal Structure of 3d-printed Components for Architectural Restoration

“…Among these, applications concerning the recovery of structural heritage are one of the most recent elds of particular interest. Indeed, in current literature are available examples proposing the use of 3D-printing for the reproduction of small museum components [2], or the reproduction of missing parts of ancient statues [3]. Other examples concern the reproduction of ornamental architectural components [4], among which the Roman cornice from the Castulo Archaeological Site [5], or the restoration of an ancient terra sigillata plate [6].…”

Comparison of Dimensional Accuracy between a Laser Scanner and a Laser Tracker with Handheld Scan in a Laboratory Setting

“…Each measurement system has its specific characteristics, enabling careful selection based on the requirements of each specific measurement or set of measurements [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In recent years, 3D metrology has expanded its presence into new market segments, encompassing applications as diverse as medicine, dentistry, prosthetics and implants, reverse engineering, quality control and inspection, space exploration, forensic investigation, mining mapping, geographic detailing, geodesy, surveying, civil engineering, shipbuilding, archaeology, prototyping, education, quality monitoring, architecture, cultural heritage preservation, art conservation, robotics, and digital agriculture [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…The technological advancements of recent decades have introduced new dimensional measurement methods in large-scale metrology (LSM), as discussed by Schmitt et al [4], reviewing current trends in measurement systems for LSM. In this evolving landscape, non-contact measurement methods, especially optical measurement methods, have gained prominence in current metrological developments, offering increasingly innovative solutions for measurement challenges across various industrial sectors [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Two key factors are particularly relevant in these advanced non-contact measurement technologies: the reduced interference of the measurement system with the measured object, especially in non-rigid materials such as polymers and rubbers, and the ability to rapidly capture a large quantity of dimensions, significantly reducing measurement times [3,4].…”

“…The GOM Atos Core, FARO Focus laser scanner, and Leica laser tracker measurement systems used in this study exemplify these technological advances, each with its unique characteristics, capabilities, and specific applications. Besides simplifying the measurement process, these systems enable measurements in both small and large volumes in industrial environments [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”