“…Numerous efforts have been made to better understand mandibular reconstruction with PCBM grafts, such as comparing implant materials (Giordano, Brady, Foster, & Adams, 1980), post-operative follow-up (Matsuo, Hamada, Takahashi, & Chikazu, 2019;Miyamoto et al, 2014), comparison between defect sizes and locations (Kinoshita et al, 1997), the effect of growth factors (Matsuo et al, 2012), and evaluation of novel implant features (Ma, Liu, Zhou, & Wang, 2023;Yamada et al, 2016;Zhao, Shen, Li, & et al, 2023). All of the studies were experimental, which requires lots of time and is expensive, and there are desired metrics that are hard or impossible to obtain with this kind of study.…”