Three-dimensional porous activated carbon derived from loofah sponge biomass for supercapacitor applications

Su, Xiaolei; Chen, Jing Ran; Zheng, Gengfeng; Yang, Jing; Guan, Xin; Liu, Pu; Zheng, Xiu Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.249

Cited by 267 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The intensity ratio of D‐band to G‐band ( I D / I G value) represents the extent of graphitization . The higher the relative strength is the higher the disorder degree of carbon materials and the more defects . The I D / I G of KS‐0, KS‐1, KS‐2 and KS‐3 is 0.8285, 0.8507, 0.9545 and 0.9189, respectively, illustrating that the activation via potassium sulfate can increase the disorder degree, which is matched with the results of XRD.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Noncorrosive K 2 SO 4 is found to be able to activate the chestnut shell carbon to oxygen-enriched porous carbons. Chestnut shells are activated by K 2 SO 4 . The structure, texture, chemical state of surface of samples and morphology are analyzed via X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. With the optimum amount of K 2 SO 4 (m(K 2 SO 4 )/m(C) = 1.8), higher specific surface area (SSA, 1412 m 2 g −1 ) and total pore volume (0.75 m 2 g −1 ) are obtained. The prepared carbon samples exhibit a hierarchical textural structure making up of micropores, mesopores and macropores. More importantly, a large amount of oxygen defects, as high as 37.7%, and a small amount of sulfur element (0.31%-0.79%) are successfully introduced on the surface of the carbons. The activation mechanism of K 2 SO 4 is also investigated via thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which put it down to the high-temperature redox reaction between C and K 2 SO 4 . Owing to the high SSA, the composition of pore, and the abundant surface defects, the activated porous carbons originated from chestnut shell carbon possess highly enhanced capacitive properties. At 0.1 A/g, the specific capacitance reaches 265 F/g, and retains 92% of its starting value after 10 000 cycles at 10 A/g. In general, K 2 SO 4 is a promising noncorrosive alternative to the conventional KOH activator. K E Y W O R D Sactivator, chestnut shell, K 2 SO 4 , oxygen defect, porous carbon, supercapacitor

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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“…The test results are exhibited in Figure 4. 37,38 The larger the I D /I G value (I D : strength of D-band; I G : strength of G-band), the lower the extent of graphiting, the higher the disorder degree and faults of carbon materials. In the XRD of PC-3, the (002) crystal plane disappears and (101) crystal plane widens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the ratio of D-peak to G-peak strength is used to characterize the degree of graphitization and defect. 37,38 The larger the I D /I G value (I D : strength of D-band; I G : strength of G-band), the lower the extent of graphiting, the higher the disorder degree and faults of carbon materials. The I D /I G of PC-0 is 0.8322, and the I D /I G of PC-3 is 0.8774.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchically porous carbon derived from the activation of waste chestnut shells by potassium bicarbonate (KHCO ₃ ) for high‐performance supercapacitor electrode

Peng

Liu²,

Zhang

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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3D hierarchical porous carbon consisting of micropores, mesopores and macropores was successfully prepared through the activation of chestnut shell via KHCO 3 . The influence of KHCO 3 /chestnut shell ratio on the textural properties was carefully investigated and the structure, micrographs, and surface chemical status of the materials were expressed via X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. With the optimized amount of KHCO 3 , high specific pore surface area (2298 m 2 g -1 ) and high total pore volume (1.51 cm 3 g -1 ) were achieved, endowing an advantageous electrochemical characteristics for the electrode as ultracapacitors in three-electrode system. At 2 A g -1 , a high specific electric capacity of 387 F g -1 was reached. The remarkable electrochemical performances are mainly due to hierarchical porous structure with the high specific surface area (SSA) and the eminent total pore volume. It means that this hierarchical porous carbon prepared by activated by using KHCO 3 would have more promising foreground in the field of energy storage.

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“…One can see that the EPCs synthesized via microwave heating exhibit superior electrochemical performance compared to most of the PC materials synthesized via conventional methods. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] These excellent electrochemical properties motivated us to analyze the electrochemical performance of EPC-based supercapacitor electrode materials. The CV curves of an EPC-8/EPC-8 symmetric supercapacitor in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 and 6 M KOH electrolytes (Figures 5a and 6a, respectively) are more rectangular in shape compared to a three-electrode configuration based on the excellent reversible capacitive behavior of the supercapacitor.…”

Section: Electrochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Microwave Conversion from Lignin to Micro/Meso/Macroporous Carbon for High‐Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) is a common biomass that is difficult to use for the synthesis of porous carbon (PC) via direct microwave heating because it absorbs very little microwave energy. In this study, a novel method was developed to synthesize high‐performance PC directly from EHL using only 8 min of microwave heating. The resulting PC exhibits a high specific surface area of 2482 m2 g−1 and a hierarchical pore distribution with a high mesopore content of 35.6 % and oxygen content of 17.1 %. Nitrogen (as a protecting gas) passes through water molecules provided by steam to absorb microwave energy and acts as a physical porogen to form mesopores. Using solid KOH allows one to bypass the time‐consuming drying process and generate sufficient micropores. Additionally, fast self‐pyrolysis and a high heating rate lead to the generation of both mesopores and macropores in a PC framework. Furthermore, multiple active centers can be formed during microwave heating and subsequently stabilized by oxidation once the PC is exposed to an air atmosphere, resulting in the attachment of oxygen functional groups to the PC surface. Based on these desirable physicochemical characteristics, the PC electrodes fabricated in this study exhibit a high specific capacitance of 338 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and high capacitance retention of 86 % at 10 A g−1. The final PC‐based supercapacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 17.1 Wh kg−1 in a Na2SO4 electrolyte and 8.6 Wh kg−1 in a KOH electrolyte.

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Three-dimensional porous activated carbon derived from loofah sponge biomass for supercapacitor applications

Cited by 267 publications

References 46 publications

Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Hierarchically porous carbon derived from the activation of waste chestnut shells by potassium bicarbonate (KHCO ₃ ) for high‐performance supercapacitor electrode

Direct Microwave Conversion from Lignin to Micro/Meso/Macroporous Carbon for High‐Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors

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Three-dimensional porous activated carbon derived from loofah sponge biomass for supercapacitor applications

Cited by 267 publications

References 46 publications

Potassium sulphate (K2SO4) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Potassium sulphate (K2SO4) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Hierarchically porous carbon derived from the activation of waste chestnut shells by potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ) for high‐performance supercapacitor electrode

Direct Microwave Conversion from Lignin to Micro/Meso/Macroporous Carbon for High‐Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors

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Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) activation of chestnut shell to oxygen‐enriched porous carbons with enhanced capacitive properties

Hierarchically porous carbon derived from the activation of waste chestnut shells by potassium bicarbonate (KHCO ₃ ) for high‐performance supercapacitor electrode