Three-dimensional organization of the glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the parasitoid wasps Cotesia glomerata and C. rubecula

Smid, Hans M.; Bleeker, M.A.K.; Loon, Joop J. A. van; Vet, Louise E. M.

doi:10.1007/s00441-002-0659-z

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Over the past 25 years or so, three dimensional image analysis has been one of the major methodologies applied in various fields of biology. Although the main target was to understand nervous system of arthropod species (Rohlfing et al 2001;Smid et al 2003;el Jundi et al 2010), other tissues and even organs have been rendered as well (Eriksson et al 2012;Kim et al 2014). The three dimensional reconstruction technique has been applied on spermrelated studies, not only in insects but also in spiders, to understand the morphology of spermatozoon, providing information on how spermatids are being changed in spermiogenesis (Lipke & Michalik 2012;Michalik et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of theridiid spider's testicular cyst using 3D reconstruction rendering

Kim

Jeong

Hwang

et al. 2015

Entomological Research

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A three dimensional reconstruction technique was used for the analysis of a theridiid spider's (Achaearanea tepidariorum) testicular cyst. Although microscopic techniques have greatly improved, most of the information gathered is still based on two‐dimensional images. Particularly in spiders, it is very difficult to count the exact number of sperm in a single cyst, since their spermatogenetic processes takes place within the spherical cysts through the flagellar coiling process. Since morphological features of spider sperm provide detailed information on the whole spermatogenetic processes, we analyzed the exact number of germ cells per cyst in A. tepidariorum through a three‐dimensional image reconstruction technique. For image processing, serially sectioned histological images were scanned using a light microscope and 3D rendering images were reconstructed from these sections. Based on the three dimensional image analysis of the testicular cyst, the number of secondary spermatocytes per cyst was calculated to be 32 (25). Therefore the total number of sperm produced from a single cyst can be calculated as 64 (26), which indicates that a single spermatogonium undergoes four mitotic divisions and an additional two meiotic divisions to produce mature spermatozoa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of theridiid spider's testicular cyst using 3D reconstruction rendering

Kim

Jeong

Hwang

et al. 2015

Entomological Research

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“…Consequently the need for a standardized brain model as a tool for organizing and analyzing data has been substantial in many species. In addition to the three dimentional digital standard atlases providing common frames for integrating neurons in the entire brain, separate atlases of the antennal lobes have been made in a number of species, including heliothine moths (Rospars and Chambille, 1981; Flanagan and Mercer, 1989; Stocker et al, 1990; Galizia et al, 1999; Laissue et al, 1999; Rospars and Hildebrand, 2000; Chiang et al, 2001; Berg et al, 2002; Sadek et al, 2002; Reischig and Stengl, 2002; Smid et al, 2003; Greiner et al, 2004; Huetteroth and Schachtner, 2005; Masante-Roca et al, 2005; Skiri et al, 2005a; Iyengar et al, 2006; Jefferis et al, 2007). These atlases are valuable tools for studying the neuronal network involved in processing olfactory information (Namiki and Kanzaki, 2008; Staudacher et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital, three-dimensional average shaped atlas of the heliothis virescens brain with integrated gustatory and olfactory neurons

Kvello

2009

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

101

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We use the moth Heliothis virescens as model organism for studying the neural network involved in chemosensory coding and learning. The constituent neurons are characterised by intracellular recordings combined with staining, resulting in a single neuron identified in each brain preparation. In order to spatially relate the neurons of different preparations a common brain framework was required. We here present an average shaped atlas of the moth brain. It is based on 11 female brain preparations, each stained with a fluorescent synaptic marker and scanned in confocal laser-scanning microscope. Brain neuropils of each preparation were manually reconstructed in the computer software Amira, followed by generating the atlas using the Iterative Shape Average Procedure. To demonstrate the application of the atlas we have registered two olfactory and two gustatory interneurons, as well as the axonal projections of gustatory receptor neurons into the atlas, visualising their spatial relationships. The olfactory interneurons, showing the typical morphology of inner-tract antennal lobe projection neurons, projected in the calyces of the mushroom body and laterally in the protocerebral lobe. The two gustatory interneurons, responding to sucrose and quinine respectively, projected in different areas of the brain. The wide projections of the quinine responding neuron included a lateral area adjacent to the projections of the olfactory interneurons. The sucrose responding neuron was confined to the suboesophageal ganglion with dendritic arborisations overlapping the axonal projections of the gustatory receptor neurons on the proboscis. By serving as a tool for the integration of neurons, the atlas offers visual access to the spatial relationship between the neurons in three dimensions, and thus facilitates the study of neuronal networks in the Heliothis virescens brain. The moth standard brain is accessible at

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“…In insects, whole brain atlases of five species are available as suitable tools for studying the three dimensional spatial relationship between neurons innervating different brain structures (Rein et al, 2002; Brandt et al, 2005; Kurylas et al, 2008; el Jundi et al, 2009; Kvello et al, 2009). Based on confocal scans with higher resolution, separate atlases of specific brain compartments like the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL), and the central complex involved in processing visual information, have also been made (Rospars and Chambille, 1981; Flanagan and Mercer, 1989; Stocker et al, 1990; Galizia et al, 1999; Laissue et al, 1999; Rospars and Hildebrand, 2000; Chiang et al, 2001; Berg et al, 2002; Reischig and Stengl, 2002; Sadek et al, 2002; Smid et al, 2003; Greiner et al, 2004; Huetteroth and Schachtner, 2005; Masante-Roca et al, 2005; Skiri et al, 2005; Iyengar et al, 2006; Jefferis et al, 2007; Kazawa et al, 2009; Varela et al, 2009; el Jundi et al, 2010). Thus, the neurons can be registered into these particular structures with higher precision, suitable for studying the network within the brain compartments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of the antennal lobe glomeruli and three projection neurons in the standard brain atlas of the moth Heliothis virescens

Løfaldli

2010

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Digital three dimensional standard brain atlases (SBAs) are valuable tools for integrating neuroimaging data of different preparations. In insects, SBAs of five species are available, including the atlas of the female Heliothis virescens moth brain. Like for the other species, the antennal lobes (ALs) of the moth brain atlas were integrated as one material identity without internal structures. Different from the others, the H. virescens SBA exclusively included the glomerular layer of the AL. This was an advantage in the present study for performing a direct registration of the glomerular layer of individual preparations into the standard brain. We here present the H. virescens female SBA with a new model of the AL glomeruli integrated into the atlas, i.e. with each of the 66 glomeruli identified and labelled with a specific number. The new model differs from the previous H. virescens AL model both in respect to the number of glomeruli and the numbering system; the latter according to the system used for the AL atlases of two other heliothine species. For identifying female specific glomeruli comparison with the male AL was necessary. This required a new male AL atlas, included in this paper. As demonstrated by the integration of three AL projection neurons of different preparations, the new SBA with the integrated glomruli is a helpful tool for determining the glomeruli innervated as well as the relative position of the axonal projections in the protocerebrum.

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Three-dimensional organization of the glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the parasitoid wasps Cotesia glomerata and C. rubecula

Cited by 59 publications

References 60 publications

Structural analysis of theridiid spider's testicular cyst using 3D reconstruction rendering

Structural analysis of theridiid spider's testicular cyst using 3D reconstruction rendering

Digital, three-dimensional average shaped atlas of the heliothis virescens brain with integrated gustatory and olfactory neurons

Integration of the antennal lobe glomeruli and three projection neurons in the standard brain atlas of the moth Heliothis virescens

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