Three-Dimensional Optokinetic Eye Movements in the C57BL/6J Mouse

Alphen, Bart van; Winkelman, Beerend H. J.; Frens, Maarten A.

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4072

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]21,[23][24][25] Our dataset goes further by also exploring the CEM system's response to less-predictable SoS stimuli. Our results do reiterate nonlinearity and question the importance of using SS stimuli on a system that is well known to be nonlinear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optokinetic stimulus setup has been previously described in detail. 21 Briefly, the animal was head-fixed and in a mouse restraint designed and built in-house and attached to the table in the recording setup. Dots were projected onto three screens that fully surrounded the animal for a panoramic field of view, thus creating a virtual spherical immersion environment for the mouse (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The driving signal of both the visual and vestibular stimulation, which specified the required position, was computed and delivered by the CED Power1401 data acquisition interface (Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). 21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,38 At high velocities and high amplitudes, there is saturation of the velocity-sensitive neurons on the retina, leading to nonlinear optokinetic responses. 21,29,38 Saturation also occurs in the central integration processes of vestibular afferents leading to a decrease in VOR performance at velocities higher than 120 degrees per second. 30,31,33 We were careful to choose small (component) amplitudes in an attempt to avoid saturation.…”

Section: Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superposition Violations in the Compensatory Eye Movement System

Sibindi

Holland

Geest

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Compensatory eye movements (CEM) maintain a stable image on the retina by minimizing retinal slip. The optokinetic reflex (OKR) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) compensate for low and high velocity stimuli, respectively. The OKR system is known to be highly nonlinear. The VOR is generally modeled as a linear system and assumed to satisfy the superposition and homogeneity principles. To probe CEM violation of the superposition principle, we recorded eye movement responses in C57BL/6 mice to sum of sine (SoS) stimulation, a combination of multiple nonharmonic inputs. METHODS.We tested the VOR, OKR, VVOR (visually enhanced VOR), and SVOR (suppressed VOR). We used stimuli containing 0.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1.0 Hz, and 1.9 Hz. Power spectra of SoS stimuli did not yield distortion products. Gains and delays of SoS and single sine (SS) responses were compared to yield relative gains and delays.RESULTS. We find the superposition principle is violated primarily in the OKR, VOR, and SVOR conditions. In OKR, we observed relative gain suppression of the lower SoS stimulus frequency component irrespective of the absolute frequency. Conversely, SVOR and VOR results showed gain enhancement of the lower frequency component and overall decrease in lead. Visually enhanced VOR results showed trends for overall gain suppression and delay decrease. CONCLUSIONS.Compensatory eye movements arguably depend on predictive signals. These results may reflect better prediction for SS stimuli. Natural CEM system stimulation generally involves complex frequency spectra. Use of SoS stimuli is a step toward unravelling the signals that really drive CEM and the predictive algorithms they depend on.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superposition Violations in the Compensatory Eye Movement System

Sibindi

Holland

Geest

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The pattern is rotated around the animal at a constant velocity [1] in one [1, 5] or alternating directions [7]. Alternatively the velocity can be changed sinusoidally [8, 9]. These patterns can be painted or projected onto the inner surface of card board, plastic or wood cylinders as previously described for OKR or OMR experiments in mice [4, 10, 11, 12] and other species [13, 14], generating a complete 360° image at a homogeneous distance from the animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A system to measure the Optokinetic and Optomotor response in mice

Kretschmer

Sajgo

Kretschmer

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

110

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Background Visually evoked compensatory head movements (Optomotor responses) or eye movements (Optokinetic responses) are extensively used in experimental mouse models for developmental defects, pathological conditions, and testing the efficacy of therapeutic manipulations. New Method We present an automated system to measure Optomotor and Optokinetic responses under identical stimulation conditions, enabling a direct comparison of the two reflexes. A semi-automated calibration procedure and a commercial eye tracker are used to record angular eye velocity in the restrained animal. Novel video tracking algorithms determine the location of the mouse head in real time and allow repositioning of the stimulus relative to the mouse head. Results Optomotor and Optokinetic responses yield comparable results with respect to determining visual acuity in mice. Our new head tracking algorithms enable a far more accurate analysis of head angle determination, and reveal individual head retractions, analogous to saccadic eye movements observed during Optokinetic Nystagmus. Comparison with Existing Methods To our knowledge this is the first apparatus allowing the direct comparison of Optomotor and Optokinetic responses in mice. Our tracking algorithms, which allow an objective determination of head movements are a significant increment over existing systems which rely on subjective human observation. The increased accuracy of the novel algorithms increases the robustness of automated Optomotor response determinations and reveals novel aspects of this reflex. Conclusions We provide the blueprints for inexpensive hardware, and release open source software for our system, and describe an accurate and accessible method for Optomotor and Optokinetic response determination in mice.

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A place with a view: A first‐person perspective in the hippocampal memory space

Wirth

2023

Hippocampus

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How do rodents' and primates' differences in visual perception impact the way the brain constructs egocentric and allocentric reference frames to represent stimuli in space? Strikingly, there are important similarities in the egocentric spatial reference frames through which cortical regions represent objects with respect to an animal's head or body in rodents and primates. These egocentric representations are suitable for navigation across species. However, while the rodent hippocampus represents allocentric place, I draw on several pieces of evidence suggesting that an egocentric reference frame is paramount in the primate hippocampus, and relates to the firstperson perspective characteristic of a primate's field of view. I further discuss the link between an allocentric reference frame and a conceptual frame to suggest that an allocentric reference frame is a semantic construct in primates. Finally, I discuss how views probe memory recall and support prospective coding, and as they are based on a first-person perspective, are a powerful tool for probing episodic memory across species.

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Three-Dimensional Optokinetic Eye Movements in the C57BL/6J Mouse

Cited by 39 publications

References 96 publications

Superposition Violations in the Compensatory Eye Movement System

Superposition Violations in the Compensatory Eye Movement System

A system to measure the Optokinetic and Optomotor response in mice

A place with a view: A first‐person perspective in the hippocampal memory space

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