Three-dimensional numerical simulation of spoke pattern in oxide melt

Three‐dimensional numerical investigation of the effects of an open window on the convective heat transfer of an oxide Czochralski system

“…The nonaxisymmetric geometry and orientation of the setup is one of the mechanisms which produces the nonaxisymmetric temperature and flow fields during CZ growth. The other mechanisms are that under certain conditions, the axisymmetric thermal condition in a rotating fluid annulus becomes unstable and gives way to non-axisymmetric wavy flow, which resembles some flow patterns in Czochralski crystal growth system [8][9][10].…”

Marangoni convection in the LiCaAIF6 crystal growth by the Czochralski technique

“…The spoke and wave-like patterns at the free surface are well-known typical patterns of convection in oxide meltt8-10,15-251 In water model experiments, Jones successfully simulated the spoke and wave-like patternstlS-2°k A 4-fold wave-like pattern at the free surface was also observed based from 3D numerical simulation excluding the Marangoni effecttgk Jing et al [16,17] included Marangoni convection in their numerical simulation, and reported that the Marangoni effect is responsible for the appearance of spoke and wave-like patterns at the free surface in oxide melts under the conditions that they considered. …”

3D melt convection in sapphire crystal growth: Evaluation of physical properties

“…For example, Miller and Pernell [3] in experiment with pure water concluded that the spoke patterns may be attributed to the Marangoni effect. As shown by Jing et al [4,5] and Kobayashi et al [6] for oxide melt, considering the Marangoni effect can cause significant flow instabilities near the melt free surface. Also Jing et al [4,5] has showed, that the Marangoni effect is an essential factor in forming the surface spoke pattern.…”