Three-dimensional numerical modeling of tsunami-related internal gravity waves in the Hawaiian atmosphere

Occhipinti, G.; Coïsson, Pierdavide; Makela, J. J.; Allgeyer, S.; Kherani, A.; Hébert, Hélène; Lognonné, Philippe

doi:10.5047/eps.2011.06.051

Cited by 83 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…A movie of TEC maps from 5:30 to 9:00 UT is made available online at http://ganymede.ipgp.fr/∼tohoku/ (movie 1) with a movie of TEC ionospheric perturbations observed offshore Hawaii after this same event (movie 2). See Makela et al (2011) and Occhipinti et al (2011) for details on Hawaii observations.…”

Section: Data Processing and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resonant response of the ionosphere imaged after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

et al. 2011

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International audienceWe provide here a preliminary analysis of the ionospheric perturbations observed after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake using a GPS-derived Total Electron Content (TEC) technique. Such anomalies are routinely observed after seismic events of magnitude M w = 6 and more. Here, we use the high density and the wide coverage of the Japanese Global Positioning System (GPS) network GEONET to image the ionosphere just after the main shock. We describe ionospheric perturbations with exceptional extension in amplitude and duration. As already seen in earlier events, a first intense signal is observed about 10 minutes after the seismic rupture; the first response consists in two modes: one propagating beyond 3 km/s and the other at nearly 1 km/s. A further analysis of TEC time series of the latter mode near the source shows the typical frequencies of acoustic resonance. Beyond 400 km from the source, both the tsunami induced gravity wave and a third mode are imaged, the latter for the first time. We show that the pattern of this slow (225 m/s ± 10 m/s) and long period gravity wave (1.8 ± 0.2 mHz) is most visible in the NorthWest of the epicentral area. This description is corroborated by a computation of the normal modes of the solid Earth-atmosphere system

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Section: Data Processing and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resonant response of the ionosphere imaged after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

et al. 2011

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“…Ideally, we could monitor the position of the ionospheric disturbance signature in the ionosphere as it moves across the ocean. (The ionospheric tsunami signature should be approximately colocated over the ocean tsunami, but may slightly lag or even precede the ocean wavefront due to variable bathymetry and the time needed for the gravity wave to reach the ionosphere (e.g., Occhipinti et al, 2011).) This, however, assumes that we have an abundance of GPS receivers on coasts and islands in the region we are observing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three types of atmospheric waves typically generated by earthquakes: (1) direct acoustic waves generated near the epicenter; (2) gravity waves generated by a tsunami following large earthquakes; and (3) secondary acoustic waves excited by the Rayleigh surface wave outside the epicenter area (e.g., Heki, 2006). It has been shown that GPS measurements are well suited to monitor ionospheric activity associated with earthquakes both in the epicenter area (i.e., using dense local GPS networks) (e.g., Liu et al, 2011b;Rolland et al, 2011;Galvan et al, 2012) and outside of it (i.e., using global GPS networks) (e.g., Rolland et al, 2010;Occhipinti et al, 2011) with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to infer key properties such as velocity, direction, and magnitude of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Investigations of pre-seismic ionospheric disturbances have also gained momentum, and this remains a contested research area (e.g., Liu et al, 2010aLiu et al, , b, 2011aSharma et al, 2010;Heki, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting ionospheric TEC perturbations caused by natural hazards using a global network of GPS receivers: The Tohoku case study

et al. 2012

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Recent advances in GPS data processing have demonstrated that ground-based GPS receivers are capable of detecting ionospheric TEC perturbations caused by surface-generated Rayleigh, acoustic and gravity waves. There have been a number of publications discussing TEC perturbations immediately following the M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan on March 11, 2011. Most investigators have focused on the ionospheric responses up to a few hours following the earthquake and tsunami. In our research, in addition to March 11, 2011 we investigate global ionospheric TEC perturbations a day before and after the event. We also compare indices of geomagnetic activity on all three days with perturbations in TEC, revealing strong geomagnetic storm conditions that are also apparent in processed GEONET TEC observations. In addition to the traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) produced by the earthquake and tsunami, we also detect "regular" TIDs across Japan about 5 hours following the Tohoku event, concluding these are likely due to geomagnetic activity. The variety of observed TEC perturbations are consistent with tsunami-generated gravity waves, auroral activity, regular TIDs and equatorial fluctuations induced by increased geomagnetic activity. We demonstrate our capabilities to monitor TEC fluctuations using JPL's real-time Global Assimilative Ionospheric Model (GAIM) system. We show that a real-time global TEC monitoring network is able to detect the acoustic and gravity waves generated by the earthquake and tsunami. With additional real-time stations deployed, this new capability has the potential to provide real-time monitoring of TEC perturbations that could potentially serve as a plug-in to enhance existing early warning systems.

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“…The authors used Galerkin-type series and a modification of the spectral method to turn partial differential equations (versus time) into ordinary differential equations for coefficients of the spectral series. Yu and Hickey (2007), Liu et al (2008), Matsumura et al (2011), and Occhipinti et al (2011) performed numerical simulations of AGWs in the atmosphere. Besides direct numerical simulations, propagation and dissipation of mesoscale internal gravity waves generated in the lower atmosphere have recently been studied in a general circulation model (Yi˘git et al 2009(Yi˘git et al , 2012) involving a parameterization of gravity wave effects, their nonlinear saturation and dissipation in the thermosphere (Yi˘git et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of nonlinear acoustic-gravity wave propagation from the troposphere to the thermosphere

Гаврилов

Кшевецкий

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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Three-dimensional nonlinear breaking acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) propagating from the Earth's surface to the upper atmosphere are simulated numerically. Horizontally moving periodical structures of vertical velocity on the Earth's surface are used as AGW sources in the model. The 3D algorithm for hydrodynamic equation solution uses finite-difference analogues of basic conservation laws. This approach allows us to select physically correct generalized wave solutions of hydrodynamic equations. The numerical simulation covers altitudes from the ground up to 500 km. Vertical profiles of the mean temperature, density, molecular viscosity, and thermal conductivity are specified from standard models of the atmosphere. Atmospheric waves in a few minutes can propagate to high altitudes above 100 km after activation of the surface wave forcing. Surfaces of constant phases are quasi-vertical first, and then become inclined to the horizon below about 100 km after some transition time interval. Vertical wavelengths decrease with time and tend to theoretically predicted values after times longer than several periods of the wave forcing. Decrease in vertical wavelengths and increase in AGW amplitudes can lead to wave instabilities, accelerations of the mean flow and wave-induced jet streams at altitudes above 100 km. AGWs may transport amplitude modulation of atmospheric wave sources in horizontal directions up to very high levels. Low wave amplitudes in the beginning of transition processes after activation of atmospheric wave sources could be additional reasons for slower amplitude grows with height compared to the nondissipative exponential growth predicted for stationary linear AGWs. Production of wave-induced mean jets and their superposition with nonlinear unstable dissipative AGWs can produce strong narrow peaks of horizontal speed in the upper atmosphere. This may increase the role of transient nonstationary waves in effective energy transport and variations of atmospheric parameters and gas admixtures in a broad altitude range. Findings

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Three-dimensional numerical modeling of tsunami-related internal gravity waves in the Hawaiian atmosphere

Cited by 83 publications

References 26 publications

The resonant response of the ionosphere imaged after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

The resonant response of the ionosphere imaged after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

Detecting ionospheric TEC perturbations caused by natural hazards using a global network of GPS receivers: The Tohoku case study

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of nonlinear acoustic-gravity wave propagation from the troposphere to the thermosphere

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