Three‐Dimensional Nanoporous Conducting Polymer Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Decorated with Copper Nanoparticles: Electrochemical Preparation and Enhanced Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

Abstract

Nanoporous conducting polymers have attracted much attention due to their tunable redox performances, outstanding environmental stability, and extensive potential applications. Herein, three‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was electrochemically prepared by using a hard‐template method, and Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) were further loaded into the porous PEDOT nanostructure through electrodeposition. Because the 3D nanoporous PEDOT possesses a large surface area and is highly stable and conductive, it provides an excellent substrate for the loading of a large amount of CuNPs. The prepared porous CuNPs/PEDOT nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic property toward the oxidation of glucose owing to its unique microstructure, in which the loaded CuNPs provide many active sites for the oxidation of glucose and the 3D porous structure can facilitate the diffusion of glucose molecules and accelerate electron transfer. Under optimum conditions, the porous nanocomposite‐modified electrode displayed a wide linear range for glucose detection from 0.1 to 482.1 μm, with a detection limit of 52 nm. The sensitivity of the glucose sensor (329.6 μA mm−1 cm−2) was about eight times higher than that of an electrode modified with CuNPs on planar PEDOT, which indicates a significant enhancement effect associated with the 3D nanoporous structure.

Toward Spontaneous Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells Using Novel Three-Dimensional Electropolymerized Conductive Scaffolds

“…In order to afford high electrical properties to the system, and taking advantage of the high biocompatibility shown, we combined CNTs with PEDOT to manufacture the scaffolds. Even though PEDOT is commonly used to blend insulating structures, 27,[40][41][42] we have previously succeeded in the construction of 3D devices containing CNT through chemical methods, being the PEDOT the only building material to maintain the tridimensionality. 43 PEDOT can also be synthesized through electrochemical polymerization (EP), which provides several advantages vs chemical methods: it is faster, allows a better control of the amount of polymer deposited, does not require toxic oxidant reagents and produces polymers with increased doping, conductivity, purity and homogeneity.…”

“…In order to afford high electrical properties to the system, and taking advantage of the high biocompatibility shown, we combined CNTs with PEDOT to manufacture the scaffolds. Even though PEDOT is commonly used to blend insulating structures, ,− we have previously succeeded in the construction of 3D devices containing CNTs through chemical methods, PEDOT being the only building material to maintain tridimensionality . PEDOT can also be synthesized through electrochemical polymerization (EP), which provides several advantages vs chemical methods: it is faster, allows a better control of the amount of polymer deposited, does not require toxic oxidant reagents, and produces polymers with increased doping, conductivity, purity, and homogeneity. , To the best of our knowledge, the manufacture of electrodes made of PEDOT and carbon nanomaterials by EP has been only focused in the development of thin-film-coated devices. ,,− Herein, we use EP for the first time to manufacture 3D scaffolds composed uniquely of CNTs and PEDOT, the synergy and interactions between both materials being the key to keep the tridimensional structure without the need for any other binder or adhesive materials.…”

3D Nanocomposite with High Aspect Ratio Based on Polyaniline Decorated with Silver NPs: Synthesis and Application as Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

“…Non-enzymatic glucose detection was demonstrated for various electrode materials such as mono- and multimetallic nanostructures [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], carbon-based nanocomposites [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], and conductive polymers (CPs) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Improving the analytical signal for non-enzymatic glucose detection was demonstrated for composite materials combining conductive polymers and metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, nanocomposites based on CP—polyaniline (PANI) present a special group promising for the creation of small glucometer devices.…”

Fabrication of Shape‐Controlled Palladium Nanoparticle‐Decorated Electrospun Polypyrrole/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Hydrogen Peroxide Coalescing Detection

“…Among the various substrate materials that have been evaluated, conducting polymers have received considerable attention as transducers in electrochemical sensors . Polypyrrole (PPy), for example, is easily synthesized and boasts several advantages including high electric conductivity, high chemical and electrical stability, and high polarity .…”