Three‐dimensional multiphoton/optical coherence tomography for diagnostic applications in dermatology

Abstract

A preliminary clinical trial using state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton tomography (MPT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for three‐dimensional (3D) multimodal in vivo imaging of normal skin, nevi, scars and pathologic skin lesions has been conducted. MPT enabled visualization of sub‐cellular details with axial and transverse resolutions of <2 μm and <0.5 μm, respectively, from a volume of 0.35 × 0.35 × 0.2 mm3 at a frame rate of 0.14 Hz (512 × 512 pixels). State‐of‐the‐art OCT, operating at a center wavelength of 1300 nm, was capable of acquiring 3D images depicting the layered architecture of skin with axial and transverse resolutions ∼8 μm and ∼20 μm, respectively, from a volume of 7 × 3.5 × 1.5 mm3 at a frame rate of 46 Hz (1024 × 1024 pixels). This study demonstrates the clinical diagnostic potential of MPT/OCT for pre‐screening relatively large areas of skin using 3D OCT to identify suspicious regions at microscopic level and subsequently using high resolution MPT to obtain zoomed in, sub‐cellular level information of the respective regions (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Advances and challenges in label-free nonlinear optical imaging using two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation for cancer research

“…It is yet to be seen if the diagnostic sensitivity can be improved and how the clinical NLOI setup fares for in vivo detection of malignancies in other organs. In case there is a further need of improving the detection threshold of the setup, it would be feasible to combine label-free NLOI with other imaging modalities like optical coherence tomography [139][140][141] and coherent anti-Stokes Raman's spectroscopy [3,133,[142][143][144]. Multimodal imaging that is achieved by combination with one of these modalities has the advantage of providing additional information that could not be provided by label-free NLOI.…”

In vivo dual-modality photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging of human dermatological pathologies

“…Being a noninvasive, nonionizing and cost effective technique, boasts its translation into the clinics for dermatological studies [6,7]. Combining OCT with other imaging modalities, such as multiphoton tomography (MPT) [8], could extend its dermatological applications even further.…”

​Multiphoton Microscopy in the Study of Morphological Characteristics of Radiation-Induced Injuries of the Bladder

“…This method enables researchers to obtain structural images of biological tissues visualizing such components as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavoproteins, keratin, lipofuscin, elastin, melanin and porphirins by their autofluorescence due to two-photon excitation phenomenon [7,8]. Collagen is visualized due to second harmonic generation from the molecules having no center of symmetry [9,10,11].…”