“…In order to quantitatively and objectively estimate the precision of the method, the result should be compared with the ground truth. However, since actual motion of coronary arteries during cardiac cycles cannot be quantitatively measured in vivo, as reported so far, a widely accepted golden standard has not been existed till now in research of tracking and estimating cardiac and coronary arterial dynamics from angiographic sequences including coronary angiography and left ventriculography [4,5,9,10,[12][13][14]20,[22][23][24][25][26][27]. Considering that our method includes two separate steps: sequential reconstruction of coronary vessel skeletons from CAG sequences and motion estimation of 3D vessel skeletons based on elastic registration, we evaluated the accuracy of the two steps respectively.…”