Three-dimensional motion analysis of clinical stress tests for anterior knee subluxations

Rotational laxity after anterior cruciate ligament injury by kinematic evaluation of clinical tests

“…Markolf et al [4] studied 35 human anatomic knee specimens with a manually operated spatial linkage and found no change in mean rotational laxity during IE torque and VV torque afte r ACL injury. These ndings were con rmed by Noyes et al [16] : they observed negligible internal -external increase during the same tests afte r ACL sectioning. However Furman et al [17] reported a signi cant increase in IE laxity at all exion angles ( > 68 ) after sectioning ACL in 40 cadave r knees.…”

“…This high varian ce sometimes can be responsible for diffe rent conclusions reported in the literature. In fact when it is taken into account it minimizes the diffe rence between the normal and pathological state [4,16] . However neglecting the varian ce leads to incorrect statistical conclusions [17] .…”

Iliotibial band tension affects patellofemoral and tibiofemoral kinematics

“…These have focussed on its biomechanical role in the hip (Birnbaum et al, 2004;Fetto et al, 1995), to specific conditions (McLeod, 1985;Noehren et al, 2007;Orchard et al, 1996) and its tension characteristics (Matsumoto and Seedhom, 1995). Kinematics studies have been almost exclusively limited to the tibiofemoral joint and in relation to anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (Bull et al, 1999;Noyes et al, 1989;Yamamoto et al, 2006). Kwak et al (2000) investigated the effect of the ITB on the kinematics of both the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints.…”

Kinematics after tear in the anterior cruciate ligament: Dynamic bilateral radiostereometric studies in 11 patients

“…Laboratory studies of cadaver knees have frequently been used to evaluate the effect of ACL injuries on knee kinematics (Nielsen and Helmig 1985, Rong and Wang 1987, Noyes et al 1989, Östgaard et al 1991, Lane et al 1994, Torzilli et al 1994. These methods may not mimic the clinical situation suf ciently well because the combined action of the musculature and gravity is dif cult to reproduce.…”